---
title: sled — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sled» in the school dictionary: A small vehicle that slides over snow, used by children for fun on hills; in the UK called a sledge, in Australia sometimes a toboggan. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sled

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** small vehicle, bigger vehicle, We, sled, Dad · **What happens:** slide, use, call, pull, ride, go · **To what, where:** snow, sledge, UK, sled, big hill, dog sled · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sled» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sled in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sled.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: mainly US, Canada — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small vehicle that slides over snow, used by children for fun on hills; in the UK called a sledge, in Australia sometimes a toboggan.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sled:m1:1
# text = A small vehicle that slides over snow, used by children for fun on hills; in the UK called a sledge, in Australia sometimes a toboggan.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	5	nsubj	_	_
5	slides	slide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	fun	fun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
20	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
26	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	28	advmod	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	toboggan	toboggan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slide** | present | a small vehicle |  |  | snow |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over snow=Trajectory |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | snow *not said here* |  |  |  | by children; for fun on hills | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **call** | past | a small vehicle | a sledge |  | the UK |  | in Australia | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sledge=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bigger vehicle pulled by dogs or reindeer over snow and ice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sled:m2:1
# text = A bigger vehicle pulled by dogs or reindeer over snow and ice.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bigger	big	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	pulled	pull	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	dogs	dog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:agent	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | participle | a bigger vehicle |  |  |  |  |  | vn slide-11.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To ride on a sled.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sled:m3:1
# text = To ride on a sled.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	ride	ride	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sled	sled	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a sled |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went sledding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sled:m3e:1
# text = We went sledding.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sledding	sled	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sled** | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went sledding on the big hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sled:x1:1
# text = We went sledding on the big hill.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sledding	sled	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sled** | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  | the big hill |  |  | vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog sled raced across the ice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sled:x2:1
# text = The dog sled raced across the ice.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sled	sled	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	raced	race	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **race** | participle |  | the dog sled *not said here* |  | the ice |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme across ice=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My sled can carry two children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sled:x3:1
# text = My sled can carry two children.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sled	sled	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | can | My sled | two children |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always sled feet-first and away from trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sled:x4:1
# text = Always sled feet-first and away from trees.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
2	sled	sled	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	conj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sled went 60 metres in 10 seconds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sled:x5:1
# text = The sled went 60 metres in 10 seconds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sled	sled	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	60	60	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the sled | 60 metres |  |  | second |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad pulled the sled up the hill again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sled:x6:1
# text = Dad pulled the sled up the hill again.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sled	sled	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | past | Dad | the sled |  |  | again | up the hill | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sled=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the UK we call it a sledge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sled:x7:1
# text = In the UK we call it a sledge.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	call	call	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present | we | UK |  | the UK |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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