---
title: sledding — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sledding» in the school dictionary: Riding down a snowy hill on a sled (sledge). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sledding

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** easy progress, We, you, Sledding, Dad, sledding hill · **What happens:** ride down, be, go, sled, pick, pull back · **To what, where:** snowy hill, sled, tough sledding, big hill, sledding feet, sledding hill

<!-- .vabout -->
«sledding» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sledding in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sledding.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Riding down a snowy hill on a sled (sledge).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sledding:m1:1
# text = Riding down a snowy hill on a sled (sledge).
1	Riding	ride	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	down	down	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	snowy	snowy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sled	sled	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ride down** | gerund |  | a snowy hill |  | a sled |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hill=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: American, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How easy or hard progress is: «tough sledding».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sledding:m2:1
# text = How easy or hard progress is: «tough sledding».
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	progress	progress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
8	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	tough	tough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	sledding	sledding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | easy progress | tough sledding |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We went sledding on the big hill after school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sledding:x1:1
# text = We went sledding on the big hill after school.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sledding	sled	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sled** | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  | the big hill after school |  |  | vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always go sledding feet first, not head first.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sledding:x2:1
# text = Always go sledding feet first, not head first.
1	Always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	2	advmod	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sledding	sled	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
4	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl:unmarked	_	_
5	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | imperative | you *not said here* | sledding feet |  |  |  | head *obl*; always, first *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **sled** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pick a sledding hill with no trees at the bottom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sledding:x3:1
# text = Pick a sledding hill with no trees at the bottom.
1	Pick	pick	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	sledding	sledding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pick** | imperative | you *not said here* | a sledding hill |  | the bottom |  | with no trees | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent hill=Theme at bottom=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sledding is faster on icy snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sledding:x4:1
# text = Sledding is faster on icy snow.
1	Sledding	sledding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	faster	fast	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	icy	icy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Sledding |  |  | icy snow |  | fast *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad pulled us back up the hill after sledding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sledding:x5:1
# text = Dad pulled us back up the hill after sledding.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pulled	pull	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	sledding	sled	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull back** | past | Dad | us |  |  |  | up the hill | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP ADJP-Result»: agent=Agent we=Result |
| 2 | **sled** | gerund | Dad *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sledding hill was full of children on snow days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sledding:x6:1
# text = The sledding hill was full of children on snow days.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sledding	sledding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the sledding hill |  |  |  |  | of children on snow days; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear warm gloves and a hat for sledding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sledding:x7:1
# text = Wear warm gloves and a hat for sledding.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	gloves	glove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sledding	sledding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | warm gloves and a hat for sledding |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent glove=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gravity pulls the sled down; friction slows it at the bottom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sledding:x8:1
# text = Gravity pulls the sled down; friction slows it at the bottom.
1	Gravity	gravity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pulls	pull	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sled	sled	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	friction	friction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	slows	slow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull down** | present | Gravity | the sled |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sled=Theme |
| 2 | **slow** | present | friction | sled |  | the bottom |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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