---
title: sludge — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sludge» in the school dictionary: Thick, soft, wet mud or a mix of mud and dirty liquid. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sludge

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sludge hammer, wellies, Green sludge, water, porridge, Car engines · **What happens:** leave, clean, be, sink, cover, block · **To what, where:** Thick dirty stuff, water, big heavy hammer, sludge, bottom, drain

<!-- .vabout -->
«sludge» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sludge in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sludge.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thick, soft, wet mud or a mix of mud and dirty liquid.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sludge:m1:1
# text = Thick, soft, wet mud or a mix of mud and dirty liquid.
1	Thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	mix	mix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thick, dirty stuff left after cleaning water or from machines: sewage sludge, oil sludge.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sludge:m2:1
# text = Thick, dirty stuff left after cleaning water or from machines: sewage sludge, oil sludge.
1	Thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	stuff	stuff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	cleaning	clean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	machines	machine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	sewage	sewage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	sludge	sludge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	sludge	sludge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | participle |  | Thick dirty stuff *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **clean** | gerund |  | water or machines |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any thick, unpleasant mess, like soggy food or slushy snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sludge:m3:1
# text = Any thick, unpleasant mess, like soggy food or slushy snow.
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
2	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	mess	mess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	soggy	soggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	slushy	slushy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sludge-hammer is a big, heavy hammer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sludge:m4:1
# text = A sludge-hammer is a big, heavy hammer.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	sludge	sludge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	hammer	hammer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	heavy	heavy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	hammer	hammer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sludge hammer | a big heavy hammer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our wellies sank into the sludge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sludge:x1:1
# text = Our wellies sank into the sludge.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	wellies	welly	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sank	sink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sludge	sludge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | past | Our wellies |  |  | the sludge |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Green sludge covered the bottom of the pond.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sludge:x2:1
# text = Green sludge covered the bottom of the pond.
1	Green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	sludge	sludge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past | Green sludge | the bottom of the pond |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bottom=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drain was blocked with sludge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sludge:x3:1
# text = The drain was blocked with sludge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drain	drain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	blocked	block	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sludge	sludge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **block** | past · passive |  | the drain |  |  |  | with sludge | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with sludge=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At the water works, sludge is taken out of the dirty water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sludge:x4:1
# text = At the water works, sludge is taken out of the dirty water.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	sludge	sludge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
9	out	out	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	dirty	dirty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | the water |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **take out** | present · passive |  | sludge |  | the dirty water |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The porridge turned into a cold grey sludge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sludge:x5:1
# text = The porridge turned into a cold grey sludge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	porridge	porridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	sludge	sludge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | the porridge |  |  | a cold grey sludge |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into sludge=Trajectory |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Car engines can fill with oil sludge if they are not serviced.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sludge:x6:1
# text = Car engines can fill with oil sludge if they are not serviced.
1	Car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	engines	engine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	fill	fill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	sludge	sludge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	serviced	service	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | can | Car engines |  |  |  |  | with oil sludge | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with sludge=Instrument |
| 2 | **not** **service** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | engines *= engine* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ole Brer Fox, he grab de sludge-hammer, he did, en he come down on de rock--blim!

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sludge:x7:1
# text = Ole Brer Fox, he grab de sludge-hammer, he did, en he come down on de rock--blim!
1	Ole	ole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	Brer	Brer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	grab	grab	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	de	de	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	sludge	sludge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	hammer	hammer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	en	en	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Typo=Yes|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	down	down	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	de	de	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	21	compound	_	_
21	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	blim	blim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grab** | present | Ole Brer Fox | de sludge hammer |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hammer=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | past | Fox | en |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent en=Eventuality |
| 3 | **come down** | present | Fox | en *not said here* |  | de rock and blim |  | down *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location en=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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