---
title: slump — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «slump» in the school dictionary: To slump is to sit or fall down heavily because you are tired, ill or sad. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# slump

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, slump, business, someone, Mia, Grandad · **What happens:** slump, be, fall down, mean, fall, do · **To what, where:** time, sudden fall, numbers, grass, armchair, desk · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«slump» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [slump in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/slump.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To slump is to sit or fall down heavily because you are tired, ill or sad.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slump:m1:1
# text = To slump is to sit or fall down heavily because you are tired, ill or sad.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	slump	slump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	heavily	heavily	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
10	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slump** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | sit *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **fall down** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | heavily *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **be** |  | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To slump also means to fall suddenly by a large amount, like prices or sales.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slump:m2:1
# text = To slump also means to fall suddenly by a large amount, like prices or sales.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	slump	slump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	fall	fall	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	appos	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	sales	sale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slump** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **fall** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | by a large amount; suddenly *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by amount=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A slump is a time when business, trade or a team does badly (money, sport).

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slump:m3:1
# text = A slump is a time when business, trade or a team does badly (money, sport).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	slump	slump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
7	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	trade	trade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
13	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
14	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a slump | a time |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present | business and trade or a team |  |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A slump is also a sudden fall in numbers or in how well someone is doing.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slump:m4:1
# text = A slump is also a sudden fall in numbers or in how well someone is doing.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	slump	slump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	numbers	number	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
11	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
12	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
13	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	advmod	_	_
14	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a slump | a sudden fall |  | numbers |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | present · progressive | someone |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the long race, Mia slumped onto the grass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slump:x1:1
# text = After the long race, Mia slumped onto the grass.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	Mia	Mia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	slumped	slump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slump** | past | Mia |  |  | the grass | after the long race |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad slumped in his armchair and fell asleep.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slump:x2:1
# text = Grandad slumped in his armchair and fell asleep.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	slumped	slump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	armchair	armchair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slump** | past | Grandad |  |  | Grandad's armchair |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in armchair=Location |
| 2 | **fall** | past | Grandad *not said here* |  |  |  |  | asleep *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boy slumped over his desk, too tired to finish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slump:x3:1
# text = The boy slumped over his desk, too tired to finish.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slumped	slump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	desk	desk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	too	too	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	finish	finish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slump** | past | the boy |  |  | boy's desk |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over desk=Location |
| 2 | **finish** | to-infinitive | the boy *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sales of ice cream slump in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slump:x4:1
# text = Sales of ice cream slump in winter.
1	Sales	sale	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	slump	slump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The team is in a slump and has lost five games in a row.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slump:x5:1
# text = The team is in a slump and has lost five games in a row.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	slump	slump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
10	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	row	row	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the team |  |  | a slump |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | present · perfect | the team *not said here* | five games |  | a row |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During the slump, many shops in town closed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slump:x6:1
# text = During the slump, many shops in town closed.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	slump	slump	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | participle · passive |  | many shops in town |  |  | during the slump |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
House prices slumped last year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slump:x7:1
# text = House prices slumped last year.
1	House	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	prices	price	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slumped	slump	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slump** | participle | House prices |  |  |  | year |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sit up straight and don't slump at the table!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:slump:x8:1
# text = Sit up straight and don't slump at the table!
1	Sit	sit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	slump	slump	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit up** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | straight *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **slump** | infinitive · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | the table |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent at table=Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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