---
title: smouldering — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «smouldering» in the school dictionary: Smouldering means burning slowly without flames, giving off smoke. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# smouldering

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**Who acts:** Smouldering, Smouldering feelings, smouldering ashes, smouldering anger, His · **What happens:** mean, burn, give off, smoulder, be, keep · **To what, where:** smoke, wood, lot, face

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«smouldering» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [smouldering in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/smouldering.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smouldering means burning slowly without flames, giving off smoke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:smouldering:m1:1
# text = Smouldering means burning slowly without flames, giving off smoke.
1	Smouldering	smouldering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	giving	give	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
9	off	off	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Smouldering |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **burn** *not said to happen* | gerund | Smouldering *not said here* |  |  |  |  | without flames; slowly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **give off** | gerund | Smouldering *not said here* | smoke |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source smoke=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smouldering feelings are strong and kept inside, ready to burst out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:smouldering:m2:1
# text = Smouldering feelings are strong and kept inside, ready to burst out.
1	Smouldering	smoulder	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	amod	_	_
2	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
7	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	burst	burst	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smoulder** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | Smouldering feelings |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **keep** | participle | Smouldering feelings *not said here* |  |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **be** |  | Smouldering feelings *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **burst out** | to-infinitive | Smouldering feelings *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The smouldering ashes were still warm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:smouldering:x1:1
# text = The smouldering ashes were still warm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	smouldering	smouldering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ashes	ash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	still	still	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the smouldering ashes |  |  |  | still | warm *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smouldering wood gives off a lot of smoke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:smouldering:x2:1
# text = Smouldering wood gives off a lot of smoke.
1	Smouldering	smoulder	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	lot	lot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smoulder** | gerund |  | wood |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give off** | present | Smouldering | a lot of smoke |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source lot=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His smouldering anger was clear in his face.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:smouldering:x3:1
# text = His smouldering anger was clear in his face.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	smouldering	smouldering	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His smouldering anger |  |  | his face |  | clear *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **anger** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom anger «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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