---
title: smuggler — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «smuggler» in the school dictionary: A person who secretly and illegally takes goods or people into or out of a country, to avoid taxes or because the goods are banned. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# smuggler

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**Who acts:** person, smugglers, children, Customs officers, People smugglers, Cornwall · **What happens:** take, avoid, ban, hide, discover, catch · **To what, where:** goods, country, taxes, barrels, cave, tunnel

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«smuggler» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [smuggler in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/smuggler.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person who secretly and illegally takes goods or people into or out of a country, to avoid taxes or because the goods are banned.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:smuggler:m1:1
# text = A person who secretly and illegally takes goods or people into or out of a country, to avoid taxes or because the goods are banned.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
4	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	illegally	illegally	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
8	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	7	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	avoid	avoid	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
20	taxes	tax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	goods	goods	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	20	conj	_	_
25	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	banned	ban	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present | a person | goods or people |  | a country |  | illegally, secretly *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent goods=Theme into country=Destination |
| 2 | **avoid** | to-infinitive | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **ban** | present · passive |  | taxes or the goods |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The smugglers hid barrels of brandy in the cave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:smuggler:x1:1
# text = The smugglers hid barrels of brandy in the cave.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	smugglers	smuggler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hid	hide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	barrels	barrel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	brandy	brandy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | past | the smugglers | barrels of brandy |  | the cave |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent barrel=Patient in cave=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the children discovered a smugglers' tunnel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:smuggler:x2:1
# text = In the story, the children discovered a smugglers' tunnel.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	discovered	discover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	smugglers	smuggler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	'	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discover** | past | the children | a smugglers's tunnel |  | the story |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tunnel=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Customs officers caught the smugglers at the airport.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:smuggler:x3:1
# text = Customs officers caught the smugglers at the airport.
1	Customs	custom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	compound	_	_
2	officers	officer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	caught	catch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	smugglers	smuggler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	airport	airport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | past | Customs officers | the smugglers |  | the airport |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent smuggler=Theme at airport=Asset |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People smugglers put migrants in dangerous small boats.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:smuggler:x4:1
# text = People smugglers put migrants in dangerous small boats.
1	People	people	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	smugglers	smuggler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	migrants	migrant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	boats	boat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | People smugglers | migrants |  | dangerous small boats |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent migrant=Theme in boat=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cornwall is famous for smugglers' coves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:smuggler:x5:1
# text = Cornwall is famous for smugglers' coves.
1	Cornwall	Cornwall	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	smugglers	smuggler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	'	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	coves	cove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Cornwall |  |  |  |  | for smugglers's coves; famous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The smuggler was sent to prison.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:smuggler:x6:1
# text = The smuggler was sent to prison.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	smuggler	smuggler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	prison	prison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past · passive |  | the smuggler |  | prison |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to prison=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Robbers and smugglers could breathe freely here.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:smuggler:x7:1
# text = Robbers and smugglers could breathe freely here.
1	Robbers	robber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	smugglers	smuggler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	breathe	breathe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	freely	freely	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **breathe** | could | Robbers and smugglers |  |  | here |  |  | vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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