---
title: sniffle — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sniffle» in the school dictionary: verb. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
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# sniffle

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, sound, I, She, We, puppy · **What happens:** sniff, have, cry, sniffle, get, go · **To what, where:** cold, sniffles, school, tissue, little sniffle, door

<!-- .vabout -->
«sniffle» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sniffle in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sniffle.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
verb.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sniffle:m1:1
# text = verb.
1	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To sniff again and again, because you have a cold or because you are crying quietly.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sniffle:m1e:1
# text = To sniff again and again, because you have a cold or because you are crying quietly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	sniff	sniff	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	again	again	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	again	again	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	crying	cry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	_
17	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sniff** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | again |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **have** | present | you | a cold |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Patient |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | present · progressive | you |  |  |  |  | quietly *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
noun «the sniffles» (informal).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sniffle:m2:1
# text = noun «the sniffles» (informal).
1	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sniffles	sniffle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A mild cold with a runny nose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sniffle:m2e:1
# text = A mild cold with a runny nose.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	mild	mild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	runny	runny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
noun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sniffle:m3:1
# text = noun.
1	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sound of sniffling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sniffle:m3e:1
# text = The sound of sniffling.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	sniffling	sniffle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sniffle** | gerund | the sound *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I've got the sniffles, but I can still go to school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sniffle:x1:1
# text = I've got the sniffles, but I can still go to school.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	've	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sniffles	sniffle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	still	still	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | present · perfect | I | the sniffles |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer sniffle=Stimulus |
| 2 | **go** | can | I |  |  | school | still |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She sniffled quietly after the sad film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sniffle:x2:1
# text = She sniffled quietly after the sad film.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sniffled	sniffle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	quietly	quietly	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sniffle** | past | She |  |  |  | after the sad film | quietly *property* | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Use a tissue instead of sniffling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sniffle:x3:1
# text = Use a tissue instead of sniffling.
1	Use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	tissue	tissue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	6	mark	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	fixed	_	_
6	sniffling	sniffle	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | imperative | you *not said here* | a tissue |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tissue=Patient |
| 2 | **sniffle** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard a little sniffle from behind the door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sniffle:x4:1
# text = We heard a little sniffle from behind the door.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	sniffle	sniffle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We | a little sniffle |  | the door |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent sniffle=Topic from door=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy sniffled around the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sniffle:x5:1
# text = The puppy sniffled around the garden.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sniffled	sniffle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	around	around	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sniffle** | past | the puppy |  |  | the garden |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Winter brings coughs and sniffles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sniffle:x6:1
# text = Winter brings coughs and sniffles.
1	Winter	Winter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	brings	bring	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	coughs	cough	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	sniffles	sniffle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | present | Winter | coughs and sniffles |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent cough=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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