---
title: sobbing — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sobbing» in the school dictionary: Sobbing is crying loudly with short, noisy breaths, because you are very sad or upset. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sobbing

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sobbing, you, We, little girl, girl, He · **What happens:** cry, be, sob, hear, lose, pass away · **To what, where:** way, bedroom, mum, shop, hug, sobbing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sobbing» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sobbing in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sobbing.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sobbing is crying loudly with short, noisy breaths, because you are very sad or upset.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sobbing:m1:1
# text = Sobbing is crying loudly with short, noisy breaths, because you are very sad or upset.
1	Sobbing	sobbing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	crying	cry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	noisy	noisy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	breaths	breath	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	very	very	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	upset	upset	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | present · progressive | Sobbing |  |  |  |  | with short noisy breaths; loudly *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location with breath=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To be sobbing is to cry in this way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sobbing:m2:1
# text = To be sobbing is to cry in this way.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
2	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	aux	_	_
3	sobbing	sob	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	cry	cry	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sob** | to-infinitive · progressive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | this way |  | cry *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We heard sobbing from the bedroom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sobbing:x1:1
# text = We heard sobbing from the bedroom.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sobbing	sob	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bedroom	bedroom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **sob** | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  | the bedroom |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The little girl was sobbing because she had lost her mum in the shop.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sobbing:x2:1
# text = The little girl was sobbing because she had lost her mum in the shop.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	sobbing	sob	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
10	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sob** | past · progressive | the little girl |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lose** | past · perfect | girl | girl's mum |  | the shop |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mum=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He sobbed when his dog passed away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sobbing:x3:1
# text = He sobbed when his dog passed away.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sobbed	sob	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sob** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **pass away** | past | his dog |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sobbing stopped when Grandma gave her a hug.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sobbing:x4:1
# text = The sobbing stopped when Grandma gave her a hug.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sobbing	sobbing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	Grandma	Grandma	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hug	hug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | the sobbing |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **give** | past | Grandma | a hug | sobbing |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent she=Recipient hug=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I sobbed my heart out at the end of the film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sobbing:x5:1
# text = I sobbed my heart out at the end of the film.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sobbed	sob	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sob out** | past | I | my heart |  |  | at the end of the film |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent heart=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(informal) Don't give me that sob story — you just forgot your homework!

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sobbing:x6:1
# text = (informal) Don't give me that sob story — you just forgot your homework!
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	informal	informal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	sob	sob	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	just	just	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	forgot	forget	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
15	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **give** | present · do-support |  |  | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |
| 2 | **story** |  | that |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **forget** | past | you | your homework |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“But is it really so?” asked the Marionette, sobbing bitterly.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sobbing:x7:1
# text = “But is it really so?” asked the Marionette, sobbing bitterly.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
5	really	really	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
9	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	Marionette	Marionette	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	sobbing	sob	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
14	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** *in a quote* | present |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past |  |  | the Marionette |  |  |  | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP that S»: agent=Agent marionette=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 3 | **sob** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | bitterly *property* | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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