---
title: sofa — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sofa» in the school dictionary: A sofa is a long, soft seat with a back and arms, for two or more people. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sofa

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sofa, We, cat, I, you, departure · **What happens:** be, curl up, watch, have, fold out, find · **To what, where:** long soft seat, sofa, film, flowery cushions, sofa bed, coin

<!-- .vabout -->
«sofa» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sofa in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sofa.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sofa is a long, soft seat with a back and arms, for two or more people.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sofa:m1:1
# text = A sofa is a long, soft seat with a back and arms, for two or more people.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	conj	_	_
19	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sofa | a long soft seat and two people |  |  |  | with a back and arms | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We curled up on the sofa to watch a film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sofa:x1:1
# text = We curled up on the sofa to watch a film.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	curled	curl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	watch	watch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **curl up** | past | We |  |  | the sofa |  |  | vn coil-9.6-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **watch** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | a film |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent film=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat is asleep on the sofa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sofa:x2:1
# text = The cat is asleep on the sofa.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	asleep	asleep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the cat |  |  | the sofa |  | asleep *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma's sofa has flowery cushions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sofa:x3:1
# text = Grandma's sofa has flowery cushions.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	flowery	flowery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cushions	cushion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Grandma's sofa | flowery cushions |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cushion=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our sofa folds out into a sofa bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sofa:x4:1
# text = Our sofa folds out into a sofa bed.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	folds	fold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fold out** | present | Our sofa |  |  | a sofa bed |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material into bed=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I found a coin down the side of the sofa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sofa:x5:1
# text = I found a coin down the side of the sofa.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	coin	coin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | I | a coin |  |  |  | down the side of the sofa | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please don't jump on the sofa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sofa:x6:1
# text = Please don't jump on the sofa.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	jump	jump	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **jump** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | the sofa |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on sofa=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The beautiful Persian, inconsolable at his departure, sank on a sofa bathed in tears.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sofa:x7:1
# text = The beautiful Persian, inconsolable at his departure, sank on a sofa bathed in tears.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
3	Persian	persian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	inconsolable	inconsolable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	departure	departure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	sank	sink	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	bathed	bath	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sink** | past | his departure *not said here* |  |  | a sofa |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **bath** | participle |  | a sofa *not said here* |  | tears |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **depart** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom departure «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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