---
title: sombre — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sombre» in the school dictionary: Dark and gloomy in colour or light. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sombre

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**Who acts:** He, room, sombre mood · **What happens:** wear, be, frighten · **To what, where:** sombre black coat, children

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«sombre» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sombre in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sombre.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dark and gloomy in colour or light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sombre:m1:1
# text = Dark and gloomy in colour or light.
1	Dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	gloomy	gloomy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

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The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Serious and sad, without cheer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sombre:m2:1
# text = Serious and sad, without cheer.
1	Serious	serious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cheer	cheer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He wore a sombre black coat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sombre:x1:1
# text = He wore a sombre black coat.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wore	wear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	sombre	sombre	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | past | He | a sombre black coat |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coat=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The room was dark and sombre.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sombre:x2:1
# text = The room was dark and sombre.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	sombre	sombre	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the room |  |  |  |  | dark *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the room *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The king's sombre mood frightened the children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sombre:x3:1
# text = The king's sombre mood frightened the children.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	sombre	sombre	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	frightened	frighten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **frighten** | past | the king's sombre mood | the children |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus child=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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