---
title: somebody — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «somebody» in the school dictionary: Somebody means a person, but we do not know or do not say who. It means the same as someone. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# somebody

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Somebody, we, person, you, I · **What happens:** mean, not know, not say, be, want, take · **To what, where:** person, same, somebody, 3 cookies, jar, 5 more · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«somebody» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [somebody in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/somebody.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Somebody means a person, but we do not know or do not say who. It means the same as someone.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Somebody means a person, but we do not know or do not say who.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somebody:m1:1
# text = Somebody means a person, but we do not know or do not say who.
1	Somebody	somebody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
8	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	do	do	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux	_	_
13	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
14	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Somebody | a person |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **know** | present · do-support | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **not** **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive · do-support | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* It means the same as someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somebody:m1:2
# text = It means the same as someone.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | person | the same |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent same=Topic |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A somebody is a person who is important or famous: he wants to be a somebody.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somebody:m2:1
# text = A somebody is a person who is important or famous: he wants to be a somebody.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	somebody	somebody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	important	important	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	somebody	somebody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | somebody | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | a person |  |  |  |  | important *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **want** | present | person |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 5 | **is a** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | person *not said here* | somebody |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Somebody took 3 cookies from the jar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somebody:x1:1
# text = Somebody took 3 cookies from the jar.
1	Somebody	somebody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	jar	jar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | Somebody | 3 cookies |  | the jar |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent cookie=Theme from jar=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If somebody gives you 5 more, how many will you have?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somebody:x2:1
# text = If somebody gives you 5 more, how many will you have?
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	somebody	somebody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
9	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	obj	_	_
10	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | somebody | 5 more | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient more=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | future | you | many |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent many=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Somebody left 2 books on the desk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somebody:x3:1
# text = Somebody left 2 books on the desk.
1	Somebody	somebody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	desk	desk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | Somebody | 2 books |  | the desk |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent book=Theme on desk=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Somebody ate half of the cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somebody:x4:1
# text = Somebody ate half of the cake.
1	Somebody	somebody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | Somebody | half of the cake |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent half=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Somebody is knocking at the door.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somebody:x5:1
# text = Somebody is knocking at the door.
1	Somebody	somebody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	knocking	knock	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knock** | present · progressive | Somebody |  |  |  |  | at the door | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at door=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you are lost, ask somebody who works in the shop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somebody:x6:1
# text = If you are lost, ask somebody who works in the shop.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	somebody	somebody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** *a condition, not said to happen* | present · passive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | somebody |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent somebody=Recipient |
| 3 | **work** | present |  |  |  |  |  | in the shop | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in shop=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Is somebody sitting here?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somebody:x7:1
# text = Is somebody sitting here?
1	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	cop	_	_
2	somebody	somebody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
3	sitting	sit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | somebody |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sit** | gerund |  |  |  | here |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I think somebody else has my pencil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somebody:x8:1
# text = I think somebody else has my pencil.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	think	think	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	somebody	somebody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nsubj	_	_
4	else	else	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think** *speech: other* | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | somebody | my pencil |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pencil=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Why did not somebody tell me?"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somebody:x9:1
# text = "Why did not somebody tell me?"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
3	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	somebody	somebody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nsubj	_	_
6	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | past · do-support | somebody |  | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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