---
title: somersault — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «somersault» in the school dictionary: A movement where you roll or flip your whole body head over heels, forwards or backwards, on the ground or in the air. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# somersault

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, opinion, We, gymnast, children, stomach · **What happens:** roll, flip, do, turn over, change, learn · **To what, where:** movement, whole body head, heels, roll, end, forward somersault

<!-- .vabout -->
«somersault» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [somersault in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/somersault.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A movement where you roll or flip your whole body head over heels, forwards or backwards, on the ground or in the air.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somersault:m1:1
# text = A movement where you roll or flip your whole body head over heels, forwards or backwards, on the ground or in the air.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
3	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	5	advmod	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	roll	roll	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	flip	flip	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
9	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
12	over	over	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	heels	heel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	forwards	forwards	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	backwards	backwards	ADV	RB	_	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **roll** | present | you | a movement |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **flip** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your whole body head |  | heels |  | on the ground or the air; forwards *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent head=Theme over heel=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do such a roll or flip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somersault:m2:1
# text = To do such a roll or flip.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	5	det:predet	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	flip	flip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  | such roll or flip |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent roll=Eventuality |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of a vehicle or object — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To turn over completely, end over end.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somersault:m3:1
# text = To turn over completely, end over end.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn over** | to-infinitive |  | end |  |  | over end | completely *property* | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sudden complete change of opinion or plan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somersault:m4:1
# text = A sudden complete change of opinion or plan.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	opinion	opinion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** |  | opinion or plan |  |  |  |  |  | nom change «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learnt to do a forward somersault in PE today.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somersault:x1:1
# text = We learnt to do a forward somersault in PE today.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learnt	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	forward	forward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	somersault	somersault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	PE	PE	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	today	today	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | a forward somersault |  | PE | today |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent somersault=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gymnast did a double somersault in the air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somersault:x2:1
# text = The gymnast did a double somersault in the air.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gymnast	gymnast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	double	double	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	somersault	somersault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | the gymnast | a double somersault |  | the air |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent somersault=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children were turning somersaults on the grass.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somersault:x3:1
# text = The children were turning somersaults on the grass.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	somersaults	somersault	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past · progressive | the children | somersaults |  | the grass |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent somersault=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The diver somersaulted into the pool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somersault:x4:1
# text = The diver somersaulted into the pool.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	diver	diver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	somersaulted	somersault	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **somersault** | participle |  | the diver *not said here* |  | the pool |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into pool=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My stomach did somersaults before the school play.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somersault:x5:1
# text = My stomach did somersaults before the school play.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	stomach	stomach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	somersaults	somersault	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | My stomach | somersaults |  |  | before the school play |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent somersault=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car somersaulted off the road, but nobody was badly hurt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somersault:x6:1
# text = The car somersaulted off the road, but nobody was badly hurt.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	somersaulted	somersault	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
9	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
11	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
12	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **somersault** | participle |  | the car *not said here* |  | the road |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme off road=Trajectory |
| 2 | **hurt** | past · passive |  | the car |  |  |  | badly *property* | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Always do somersaults on a soft mat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somersault:x7:1
# text = Always do somersaults on a soft mat.
1	Always	alway	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	somersaults	somersault	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	mat	mat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | Always | somersaults |  | a soft mat |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent somersault=Eventuality |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The minister did a somersault and changed his mind completely.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somersault:x8:1
# text = The minister did a somersault and changed his mind completely.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	minister	minister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	somersault	somersault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | the minister | a somersault |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent somersault=Eventuality |
| 2 | **change** | past | the minister *not said here* | minister's mind |  |  |  | completely *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mind=Patient |
| 3 | **mind** |  | minister |  |  |  |  |  | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A few turned somersaults, others walked on their hands with their feet in the air.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:somersault:x9:1
# text = A few turned somersaults, others walked on their hands with their feet in the air.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	turned	turned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	somersaults	somersault	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | a few turned somersaults |  |  | others's hands |  | with others's feet; in the air | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on hand=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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