---
title: sonic — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sonic» in the school dictionary: Sonic means to do with sound or sound waves, as in «a sonic boom». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sonic

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sonic, Sonic speed, supersonic, jet, Bats, My · **What happens:** mean, do, be, break, use, find · **To what, where:** sonic boom, speed, famous fast blue character, video games, sound barrier, sonic signals · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sonic» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sonic in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sonic.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sonic means to do with sound or sound waves, as in «a sonic boom».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sonic:m1:1
# text = Sonic means to do with sound or sound waves, as in «a sonic boom».
1	Sonic	Sonic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	sonic	sonic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	boom	boom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Sonic |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a sonic boom |  | with sound or sound waves | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sonic speed is the speed of sound; «supersonic» means faster than sound and «subsonic» slower.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sonic:m2:1
# text = Sonic speed is the speed of sound; «supersonic» means faster than sound and «subsonic» slower.
1	Sonic	sonic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	speed	speed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	supersonic	supersonic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
13	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	12	advmod	_	_
14	than	than	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	subsonic	subsonic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
20	slower	slow	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sonic speed | the speed |  |  |  | of sound | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present | supersonic |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sonic the Hedgehog is a famous fast blue character in video games.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sonic:m3:1
# text = Sonic the Hedgehog is a famous fast blue character in video games.
1	Sonic	Sonic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Hedgehog	Hedgehog	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	character	character	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sonic | a famous fast blue character |  | video games |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jet broke the sound barrier with a loud sonic boom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sonic:x1:1
# text = The jet broke the sound barrier with a loud sonic boom.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jet	jet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	barrier	barrier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	sonic	sonic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	boom	boom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | the jet | the sound barrier |  |  |  | with a loud sonic boom | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent barrier=Patient with boom=Instrument |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bats use sonic signals to find their way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sonic:x2:1
# text = Bats use sonic signals to find their way.
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	sonic	sonic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	signals	signal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Bats | sonic signals |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent signal=Patient |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive | Bats *not said here* | Bats's way |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My sonic toothbrush buzzes very fast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sonic:x3:1
# text = My sonic toothbrush buzzes very fast.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	sonic	sonic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	toothbrush	toothbrush	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	buzzes	buzz	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buzz** |  | My |  |  |  |  |  | nom buzz «event intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Concorde was a supersonic passenger plane.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sonic:x4:1
# text = Concorde was a supersonic passenger plane.
1	Concorde	Concorde	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	supersonic	supersonic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	passenger	passenger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Concorde | a supersonic passenger plane |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sonic the Hedgehog collects gold rings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sonic:x5:1
# text = Sonic the Hedgehog collects gold rings.
1	Sonic	Sonic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Hedgehog	Hedgehog	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	appos	_	_
4	collects	collect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	rings	ring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | present | Sonic | gold rings |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ring=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sound in air goes about 340 metres every second.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sonic:x6:1
# text = Sound in air goes about 340 metres every second.
1	Sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	340	340	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	9	det	_	_
9	second	second	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go about** | present | Sound in air | 340 metres |  |  | second |  | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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