---
title: sooty — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sooty» in the school dictionary: Sooty means covered with soot, the black powder left by smoke from burning coal, wood or oil. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sooty

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sooty, British children, chimney sweep, old fireplace, cat, sooty owl · **What happens:** mean, cover, leave, burn, be, run · **To what, where:** black powder, coal, name, sooty face, clothes, Sooty smoke · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sooty» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sooty in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sooty.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sooty means covered with soot, the black powder left by smoke from burning coal, wood or oil.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sooty:m1:1
# text = Sooty means covered with soot, the black powder left by smoke from burning coal, wood or oil.
1	Sooty	sooty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	soot	soot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	powder	powder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
10	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
13	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
14	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	advcl	_	_
15	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Sooty |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with soot | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with soot=Theme |
| 3 | **leave** | participle |  | the black powder *not said here* |  |  |  | by smoke | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent by smoke=Location |
| 4 | **burn** | gerund |  | coal and wood or oil |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent coal=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sooty means black or very dark, like soot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sooty:m2:1
# text = Sooty means black or very dark, like soot.
1	Sooty	sooty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	soot	soot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Sooty |  |  |  |  | black *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sooty is the name of a yellow glove-puppet bear with black ears on a long-running British children's TV show.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sooty:m3:1
# text = Sooty is the name of a yellow glove-puppet bear with black ears on a long-running British children's TV show.
1	Sooty	sooty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
7	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
8	glove	glove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	puppet	puppet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	bear	bear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
17	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	csubj	_	_
20	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	's	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sooty | the name |  |  |  | of a yellow puppet bear with black ears on British children's TV show | tree rules |
| 2 | **run** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **show** |  | British children |  |  |  |  |  | nom show «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chimney sweep had a sooty face and hands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sooty:x1:1
# text = The chimney sweep had a sooty face and hands.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	chimney	chimney	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sweep	sweep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sooty	sooty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the chimney sweep | a sooty face and hands |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old fireplace was sooty and dusty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sooty:x2:1
# text = The old fireplace was sooty and dusty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fireplace	fireplace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	sooty	sooty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	dusty	dusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the old fireplace |  |  |  |  | sooty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the old fireplace *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the bonfire our clothes smelled smoky and looked sooty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sooty:x3:1
# text = After the bonfire our clothes smelled smoky and looked sooty.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bonfire	bonfire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	smelled	smell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	smoky	smoky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	sooty	sooty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** | participle · passive |  | our clothes |  |  | after the bonfire |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **look** | past |  |  |  |  |  | sooty *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sooty smoke poured from the factory chimney.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sooty:x4:1
# text = Sooty smoke poured from the factory chimney.
1	Sooty	sooty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	smoke	smoke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	poured	pour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	chimney	chimney	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour** | participle |  | Sooty smoke *not said here* |  | the factory chimney |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP.theme V PP.source»: agent=Theme from chimney=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat had sooty paws after exploring the coal shed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sooty:x5:1
# text = The cat had sooty paws after exploring the coal shed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sooty	sooty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	paws	paw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	exploring	explore	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	shed	shed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the cat | sooty paws |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent paw=Patient |
| 2 | **explore** | gerund | the cat *not said here* | the coal shed |  |  |  |  | vn investigate-35.4 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent shed=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sooty owl lives in the forests of Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sooty:x6:1
# text = A sooty owl lives in the forests of Australia.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	sooty	sooty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	owl	owl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | a sooty owl |  |  | the forests of Australia |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Granny remembers watching Sooty on TV.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sooty:x7:1
# text = Granny remembers watching Sooty on TV.
1	Granny	Granny	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	remembers	remember	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	Sooty	sooty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	TV	TV	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remember** | present | Granny |  |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **watch** | gerund | Granny *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sooty *property* | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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