---
title: sorrow — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sorrow» in the school dictionary: Sorrow is a deep feeling of sadness, especially because of a loss, death or disappointment. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sorrow

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sorrow, thing, you, whole village, old teacher, eyes · **What happens:** be, make, feel, do, die, have · **To what, where:** deep feeling, thing, you, sorrow, joys, real sorrow · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sorrow» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sorrow in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sorrow.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sorrow is a deep feeling of sadness, especially because of a loss, death or disappointment.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sorrow:m1:1
# text = Sorrow is a deep feeling of sadness, especially because of a loss, death or disappointment.
1	Sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
10	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	loss	loss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	disappointment	disappointment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Sorrow | a deep feeling |  |  |  | of sadness | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sorrow is a thing that makes you very sad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sorrow:m2:1
# text = A sorrow is a thing that makes you very sad.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	very	very	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sorrow | a thing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | a thing | you |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset you=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sorrow is also feeling truly sorry for something wrong you did, as in "sorrow for sin".

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sorrow:m3:1
# text = Sorrow is also feeling truly sorry for something wrong you did, as in "sorrow for sin".
1	Sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	truly	truly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	sorry	sorry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	_
9	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present · progressive | Sorrow |  |  |  |  | sorry *property* | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **do** | past | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The whole village felt sorrow when the old teacher died.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sorrow:x1:1
# text = The whole village felt sorrow when the old teacher died.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | the whole village | sorrow |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sorrow=Theme |
| 2 | **die** | past | the old teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her eyes were full of sorrow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sorrow:x2:1
# text = Her eyes were full of sorrow.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her eyes |  |  |  |  | of sorrow; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Life has joys and sorrows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sorrow:x3:1
# text = Life has joys and sorrows.
1	Life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	joys	joy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	sorrows	sorrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Life | joys and sorrows |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joy=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He showed real sorrow for what he had done.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sorrow:x4:1
# text = He showed real sorrow for what he had done.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	2	obl	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | He | real sorrow |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent sorrow=Recipient |
| 2 | **do** | past · perfect | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"We share in your sorrow," said the card.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sorrow:x5:1
# text = "We share in your sorrow," said the card.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	share	share	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	ccomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
9	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share** *in a quote* | present | We |  |  | your sorrow |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the card |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **sorrow** *in a quote* |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom sorrow «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The song was slow and full of sorrow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sorrow:x6:1
# text = The song was slow and full of sorrow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the song |  |  |  |  | slow *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the song *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of sorrow | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Losing the dog was a great sorrow to the family.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sorrow:x7:1
# text = Losing the dog was a great sorrow to the family.
1	Losing	lose	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sorrow	sorrow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | gerund |  | the dog |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Losing | a great sorrow |  |  |  | to the family | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do you know it will bring you sorrow?"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sorrow:x8:1
# text = Do you know it will bring you sorrow?"
1	Do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
5	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	sorrow	sorrow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **bring** | future | it | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **sorrow** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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