---
title: southern — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «southern» in the school dictionary: Southern means in or from the south part of a place. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# southern

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Southern, Australia, We, Southern Ocean, summers, Penguins · **What happens:** mean, face, go, be, drive, live · **To what, where:** south, Southern Hemisphere, southern coast, southern states, southern lands, Antarctica · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«southern» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [southern in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/southern.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Southern means in or from the south part of a place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southern:m1:1
# text = Southern means in or from the south part of a place.
1	Southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	south	South	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Southern |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Southern means facing or going towards the south.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southern:m2:1
# text = Southern means facing or going towards the south.
1	Southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	facing	face	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	ccomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	conj	_	_
6	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Southern |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **face** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  | the south |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme towards south=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southern:x1:1
# text = Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere.
1	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Southern	Southern	PROPN	NNP	_	6	compound	_	_
6	Hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Australia |  |  | the Southern Hemisphere |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drove to the southern coast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southern:x2:1
# text = We drove to the southern coast.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past | We |  |  | the southern coast |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent to coast=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Southern Ocean is very cold and stormy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southern:x3:1
# text = The Southern Ocean is very cold and stormy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Southern	Southern	PROPN	NNP	_	3	flat	_	_
3	Ocean	Ocean	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	stormy	stormy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the Southern Ocean |  |  |  |  | cold *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the Southern Ocean *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the southern states of the USA, summers are hot.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southern:x4:1
# text = In the southern states of the USA, summers are hot.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	USA	USA	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
9	summers	summer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | summers |  |  | the southern states of the USA |  | hot *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Penguins live in southern lands near Antarctica.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southern:x5:1
# text = Penguins live in southern lands near Antarctica.
1	Penguins	penguin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	near	near	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Penguins |  |  | southern lands near Antarctica |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in land=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The southern lights glow over Antarctica.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southern:x6:1
# text = The southern lights glow over Antarctica.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	glow	glow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Antarctica	Antarctica	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glow** | present | the southern lights |  |  | Antarctica |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over antarctica=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At length he reached the southern side of the rocky heights of Parnassus, beneath which lay the harbour of Crissa.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southern:x7:1
# text = At length he reached the southern side of the rocky heights of Parnassus, beneath which lay the harbour of Crissa.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	reached	reach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	rocky	rocky	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	heights	height	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Parnassus	Parnassus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	lay	lie	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	harbour	harbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Crissa	Crissa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | past | he | the southern side of the rocky heights of Parnassus |  | length |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent side=Theme at length=Asset |
| 2 | **lie** | past |  | the harbour of Crissa |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location harbour=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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