---
title: southward — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «southward» in the school dictionary: Southward means towards the south: a southward journey, birds flying southward. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/southward/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [S](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/) / southward

# southward

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Southward, birds, geese, ship, We, river · **What happens:** mean, fly, turn, walk, flow, move · **To what, where:** Africa, coast, team, South Pole, bridge

<!-- .vabout -->
«southward» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [southward in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/southward.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Southward means towards the south: a southward journey, birds flying southward.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southward:m1:1
# text = Southward means towards the south: a southward journey, birds flying southward.
1	Southward	southward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	southward	southward	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	southward	southward	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Southward |  |  |  |  | towards the south | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **fly** | gerund | birds *not said here* |  |  |  |  | southward *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The geese flew southward for the winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southward:x1:1
# text = The geese flew southward for the winter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	geese	goose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	southward	southward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | the geese |  |  |  | winter | southward *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ship turned southward towards Africa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southward:x2:1
# text = The ship turned southward towards Africa.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	southward	southward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past | the ship |  |  | Africa |  | southward *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme towards africa=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We walked southwards along the coast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southward:x3:1
# text = We walked southwards along the coast.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	southwards	southwards	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	along	along	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | We |  |  | the coast |  | southwards *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along coast=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river flows southward to the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southward:x4:1
# text = The river flows southward to the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	southward	southward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | the river |  |  |  |  | to the sea; southward *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm is moving southward.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southward:x5:1
# text = The storm is moving southward.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	southward	southward	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | present · progressive | the storm |  |  |  |  | southward *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scott led his team southward to the South Pole.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southward:x6:1
# text = Scott led his team southward to the South Pole.
1	Scott	Scott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	southward	southward	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Pole	Pole	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | Scott | Scott's team | the South Pole |  |  | southward *property* | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent team=Theme to pole=Destination |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Head southward until you reach the bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southward:x7:1
# text = Head southward until you reach the bridge.
1	Head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	southward	southward	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
3	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	reach	reach	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reach** | present | Head | the bridge |  |  |  | southward *property* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent bridge=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
First she journeyed southward, quite down into the German land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southward:x8:1
# text = First she journeyed southward, quite down into the German land.
1	First	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	advmod	_	_
2	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	journeyed	journey	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	southward	southward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	down	down	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **journey** | past | she |  |  |  |  | down, first, southward *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [southern](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/southern/)
- next →: [southwards](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/southwards/)
- ↑ back to [S in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/S/)