---
title: southwards — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «southwards» in the school dictionary: Southwards means towards the south. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# southwards

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** It, journey, geese, We, river, storm · **What happens:** mean, describe, go, fly, drive, flow · **To what, where:** direction, south, coast, map, station, it

<!-- .vabout -->
«southwards» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [southwards in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/southwards.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Southwards means towards the south.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southwards:m1:1
# text = Southwards means towards the south.
1	Southwards	southwards	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | towards the south; southwards *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It describes the direction of a movement or a journey going to the south.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southwards:m2:1
# text = It describes the direction of a movement or a journey going to the south.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	direction	direction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	journey	journey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	south	south	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | It | the direction of a movement or a journey |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent direction=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | gerund | a journey *not said here* |  |  | the south |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to south=Initial\_Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The geese flew southwards for the winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southwards:x1:1
# text = The geese flew southwards for the winter.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	geese	goose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flew	fly	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	southwards	southwards	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fly** | past | the geese |  |  |  | winter | southwards *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drove southwards towards the coast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southwards:x2:1
# text = We drove southwards towards the coast.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	southwards	southwards	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drive** | past | We |  |  | the coast |  | southwards *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent towards coast=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river flows southwards to the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southwards:x3:1
# text = The river flows southwards to the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	southwards	southwards	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | the river |  |  |  |  | to the sea; southwards *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On a map, southwards is usually down the page.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southwards:x4:1
# text = On a map, southwards is usually down the page.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	map	map	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	southwards	southward	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
7	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
8	down	down	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	page	page	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | a map and southwards |  | down the page; usually *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm was moving southwards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southwards:x5:1
# text = The storm was moving southwards.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	southwards	southwards	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past · progressive | the storm |  |  |  |  | southwards *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From the station, walk southwards for two blocks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southwards:x6:1
# text = From the station, walk southwards for two blocks.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	station	station	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	southwards	southwards	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	blocks	block	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the station |  | for two blocks; southwards *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from station=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Australia, going southwards makes it colder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southwards:x7:1
# text = In Australia, going southwards makes it colder.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
5	southwards	southwards	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	colder	cold	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | southwards *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | present | going | it |  | Australia |  | cold *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Finnian, the Abbott of Moville, went southwards and eastwards in great haste.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:southwards:x8:1
# text = Finnian, the Abbott of Moville, went southwards and eastwards in great haste.
1	Finnian	Finnian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Abbott	Abbott	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Moville	Moville	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	southwards	southward	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	eastwards	eastward	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	haste	haste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Finnian and the Abbott of Moville | southwards and eastwards |  | great haste |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location southward=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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