---
title: spar — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «spar» in the school dictionary: A spar is a long pole, such as the wooden beam of a ship's mast or a piece of wood holding up a sail. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# spar

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** spar, wood, boy, sailor · **What happens:** be, hold up, beam, find, hold on, break · **To what, where:** long pole, sail, mast, kind, shiny crystal rock, caves

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«spar» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [spar in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/spar.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spar is a long pole, such as the wooden beam of a ship's mast or a piece of wood holding up a sail.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spar:m1:1
# text = A spar is a long pole, such as the wooden beam of a ship's mast or a piece of wood holding up a sail.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spar	spar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	pole	pole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	beam	beam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	mast	mast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	holding	hold	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	22	acl	_	_
24	up	up	ADP	RP	_	23	compound:prt	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	sail	sail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a spar | a long pole and the wooden beam of a ship's mast or a piece of wood |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold up** | gerund | wood *not said here* | a sail |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot sail=Theme |
| 3 | **beam** |  |  | a ship's mast |  |  |  |  | nom beam «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spar is a kind of shiny crystal rock found in caves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spar:m2:1
# text = A spar is a kind of shiny crystal rock found in caves.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spar	spar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	crystal	crystal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a spar | a kind |  |  |  | of shiny crystal rock | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | participle |  | shiny crystal rock *not said here* |  | caves |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boy held on to a broken spar in the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spar:x1:1
# text = The boy held on to a broken spar in the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	spar	spar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold on** | past | the boy |  |  |  |  | to a broken spar in the sea | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cave walls were decorated with sparkling spar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spar:x2:1
# text = The cave walls were decorated with sparkling spar.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	decorated	decorate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	sparkling	sparkling	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	spar	spar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decorate** | past · passive |  | the cave walls |  |  |  | with sparkling spar | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with spar=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sailor lashed the spar to the mast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spar:x3:1
# text = The sailor lashed the spar to the mast.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sailor	sailor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lashed	lash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	spar	spar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mast	mast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lash** | past | the sailor | the spar |  |  |  | to the mast | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent spar=Patient to mast=Co-Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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