---
title: sparkler — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sparkler» in the school dictionary: A sparkler is a thin wire stick covered with a firework mix that burns slowly and throws off bright sparks when you hold it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sparkler

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sparkler, firework mix, you, We, our, birthday cake · **What happens:** be, cover, burn, throw off, hold, mean · **To what, where:** thin wire stick, bright sparks, sparkler, something, names, air

<!-- .vabout -->
«sparkler» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sparkler in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sparkler.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sparkler is a thin wire stick covered with a firework mix that burns slowly and throws off bright sparks when you hold it.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sparkler:m1:1
# text = A sparkler is a thin wire stick covered with a firework mix that burns slowly and throws off bright sparks when you hold it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sparkler	sparkler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	firework	firework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	mix	mix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	burns	burn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	throws	throw	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	conj	_	_
18	off	off	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	_
19	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	sparks	spark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
21	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	advmod	_	_
22	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sparkler | a thin wire stick |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  | a thin wire stick *not said here* |  |  |  | with a firework mix | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with mix=Theme |
| 3 | **burn** | present | a firework mix |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **throw off** | present | a firework mix *not said here* | bright sparks |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spark=Theme |
| 5 | **hold** | present | you | sparkler |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sparkler can also mean something that sparkles, like a shiny jewel, or a sparkling drink.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sparkler:m2:1
# text = A sparkler can also mean something that sparkles, like a shiny jewel, or a sparkling drink.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sparkler	sparkler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sparkles	sparkle	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	jewel	jewel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	sparkling	sparkling	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | a sparkler | something |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Topic |
| 2 | **sparkle** | present |  |  |  |  |  | like a shiny jewel or a sparkling drink | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We wrote our names in the air with sparklers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sparkler:x1:1
# text = We wrote our names in the air with sparklers.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	sparklers	sparkler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | We | our names |  | the air |  | with sparklers | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent name=Theme in air=Destination |
| 2 | **name** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hold the sparkler at arm's length.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sparkler:x2:1
# text = Hold the sparkler at arm's length.
1	Hold	hold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sparkler	sparkler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | imperative | you *not said here* | the sparkler |  | arm's length |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent sparkler=Theme at length=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put the used sparkler into the bucket of water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sparkler:x3:1
# text = Put the used sparkler into the bucket of water.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	sparkler	sparkler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bucket	bucket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* | the used sparkler |  | the bucket of water |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent sparkler=Goal |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear gloves when you hold a sparkler.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sparkler:x4:1
# text = Wear gloves when you hold a sparkler.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	gloves	glove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sparkler	sparkler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | gloves |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent glove=Theme |
| 2 | **hold** | present | you | a sparkler |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sparkler=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The birthday cake had a sparkler on top.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sparkler:x5:1
# text = The birthday cake had a sparkler on top.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sparkler	sparkler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the birthday cake | a sparkler |  | top |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sparkler=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On Bonfire Night we had sparklers in the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sparkler:x6:1
# text = On Bonfire Night we had sparklers in the garden.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	Bonfire	Bonfire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	sparklers	sparkler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | we | sparklers |  | the garden | night |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sparkler=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sparkler can stay hot for minutes after it goes out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sparkler:x7:1
# text = A sparkler can stay hot for minutes after it goes out.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sparkler	sparkler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | can | a sparkler |  |  |  | minute | hot *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go out** | present | sparkler |  |  |  |  |  | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only one sparkler at a time, please.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sparkler:x8:1
# text = Only one sparkler at a time, please.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
3	sparkler	sparkler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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