---
title: specialised — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «specialised» in the school dictionary: Specialised means made or trained for one particular job or purpose: specialised equipment, a specialised doctor. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# specialised

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** she, Firefighters, hospital, Divers, Nerve cells, Grandpa · **What happens:** specialis, mean, make, train, specialise, carry · **To what, where:** history, Red blood cells, oxygen, specialised clothing, specialised unit, specialised equipment · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«specialised» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [specialised in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/specialised.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Specialised means made or trained for one particular job or purpose: specialised equipment, a specialised doctor.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specialised:m1:1
# text = Specialised means made or trained for one particular job or purpose: specialised equipment, a specialised doctor.
1	Specialised	specialis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	trained	train	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
8	particular	particular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	purpose	purpose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	specialised	specialis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	equipment	equipment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	specialised	specialis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	amod	_	_
18	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **specialis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **train** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for one particular job or purpose | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **specialis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **specialis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Past of «specialise»: she specialised in history.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specialised:m2:1
# text = Past of «specialise»: she specialised in history.
1	Past	past	ADP	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	1	fixed	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	specialise	specialise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	specialised	specialis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	history	history	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **specialise** *in a quote* | infinitive | she *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **specialis** | past | she |  |  | history |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Red blood cells are specialised to carry oxygen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specialised:x1:1
# text = Red blood cells are specialised to carry oxygen.
1	Red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	specialised	specialis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **specialis** | present · passive |  | Red blood cells |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | to-infinitive |  | oxygen |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Firefighters wear specialised clothing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specialised:x2:1
# text = Firefighters wear specialised clothing.
1	Firefighters	firefighter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	specialised	specialis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	clothing	clothing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | Firefighters | specialised clothing |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent clothing=Theme |
| 2 | **specialis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hospital has a specialised unit for burns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specialised:x3:1
# text = The hospital has a specialised unit for burns.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hospital	hospital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	specialised	specialis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	unit	unit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	burns	burn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the hospital | a specialised unit |  |  |  | for burns | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent unit=Patient |
| 2 | **specialis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Divers need specialised equipment.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specialised:x4:1
# text = Divers need specialised equipment.
1	Divers	diver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	specialised	specialis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	amod	_	_
4	equipment	equipment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Divers | specialised equipment |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot equipment=Theme |
| 2 | **specialis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nerve cells are long and specialised to send messages.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specialised:x5:1
# text = Nerve cells are long and specialised to send messages.
1	Nerve	nerve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	specialised	specialis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	send	send	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Nerve cells |  |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **specialis** | participle | Nerve cells *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **send** | to-infinitive | Nerve cells *not said here* | messages |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandpa specialised in fixing old clocks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specialised:x6:1
# text = Grandpa specialised in fixing old clocks.
1	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	specialised	specialis	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	fixing	fix	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	advcl	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	clocks	clock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **specialis** | past | Grandpa |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fix** | gerund | Grandpa *not said here* | old clocks |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent clock=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This job needs specialised training.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specialised:x7:1
# text = This job needs specialised training.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	specialised	specialis	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | this job | specialised training |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot training=Theme |
| 2 | **specialis** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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