---
title: species — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «species» in the school dictionary: A group of living things that are alike and can breed together to have young that can also have young. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# species

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** living things, young, Lions, giant panda, Scientists, many species · **What happens:** be, breed, have, find, belong, see · **To what, where:** young, one species, endangered species, new species, extinct species, 8 species

<!-- .vabout -->
«species» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [species in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/species.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A group of living things that are alike and can breed together to have young that can also have young.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:species:m1:1
# text = A group of living things that are alike and can breed together to have young that can also have young.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	alike	alike	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	breed	breed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
12	together	together	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
15	young	young	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
17	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	also	also	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
19	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	acl:relcl	_	_
20	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | living things |  |  |  |  | alike *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **breed** | can | living things *not said here* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | to-infinitive | living things *not said here* | young |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent young=Patient |
| 4 | **have** | can | young |  |  |  |  | young *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lions are one species, tigers another.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:species:m1e:1
# text = Lions are one species, tigers another.
1	Lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	tigers	tiger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	6	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lions | one species and another tigers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kind or sort.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:species:m2:1
# text = A kind or sort.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	sort	sort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The giant panda is an endangered species.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:species:x1:1
# text = The giant panda is an endangered species.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	panda	panda	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	endangered	endangered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the giant panda | a endangered species |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists find new species every year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:species:x2:1
# text = Scientists find new species every year.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
6	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | present | Scientists | new species |  |  | year |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent species=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are many species of bird in the park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:species:x3:1
# text = There are many species of bird in the park.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | many species of bird in the park |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dodo is an extinct species.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:species:x4:1
# text = The dodo is an extinct species.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dodo	dodo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	extinct	extinct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	species	species	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the dodo | a extinct species |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Humans belong to the species Homo sapiens.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:species:x5:1
# text = Humans belong to the species Homo sapiens.
1	Humans	human	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	belong	belong	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	Homo	Homo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	sapiens	sapien	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | present | Humans |  |  |  |  | to the species and Homo sapiens | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The zoo has 8 species of reptile and 5 of amphibian — 13 species in all.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:species:x6:1
# text = The zoo has 8 species of reptile and 5 of amphibian — 13 species in all.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	reptile	reptile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	amphibian	amphibian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nmod	_	_
12	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
13	13	13	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the zoo | 8 species of reptile and 13 species in all |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent species=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They belong to the goose species, one can see that by their walk.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:species:x7:1
# text = They belong to the goose species, one can see that by their walk.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	belong	belong	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	goose	goose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	species	species	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl:relcl	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	obj	_	_
12	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | present | They |  |  |  |  | to the goose species | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | can | one | the goose species |  |  |  | by species's walk | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer that=Stimulus |
| 3 | **walk** |  | species |  |  |  |  |  | nom walk «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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