---
title: specimen — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «specimen» in the school dictionary: A specimen is one example of a plant, animal, rock or other thing that is collected and studied, for example in a museum or lab. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# specimen

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** specimen, that, fine specimen, We, our, museum · **What happens:** be, collect, study, test, project, have · **To what, where:** one example, other thing, museum, small amount, good example, leaf specimens

<!-- .vabout -->
«specimen» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [specimen in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/specimen.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A specimen is one example of a plant, animal, rock or other thing that is collected and studied, for example in a museum or lab.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specimen:m1:1
# text = A specimen is one example of a plant, animal, rock or other thing that is collected and studied, for example in a museum or lab.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	specimen	specimen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	collected	collect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl:relcl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	studied	study	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	for	for	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
27	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	lab	lab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a specimen | one example |  |  |  | of a plant | tree rules |
| 2 | **collect** | present · passive |  | other thing |  | a museum or lab |  | for example | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **study** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A specimen is a small amount of blood, urine or other body matter that a doctor tests.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specimen:m2:1
# text = A specimen is a small amount of blood, urine or other body matter that a doctor tests.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	specimen	specimen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	urine	urine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	matter	matter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	tests	test	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a specimen | a small amount and urine or other body matter |  |  |  | of blood | tree rules |
| 2 | **test** |  | that |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, joking — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A «fine specimen» is a good or funny example of a person or animal.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specimen:m3:1
# text = A «fine specimen» is a good or funny example of a person or animal.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	specimen	specimen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	_
11	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fine specimen | a good example |  |  |  | of a person or animal | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We collected leaf specimens for our science project.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specimen:x1:1
# text = We collected leaf specimens for our science project.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	collected	collect	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	leaf	leaf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	specimens	specimen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **collect** | past | We | leaf specimens |  |  |  | for our science project | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent specimen=Theme |
| 2 | **project** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom project «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum has a specimen of a giant beetle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specimen:x2:1
# text = The museum has a specimen of a giant beetle.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	specimen	specimen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	beetle	beetle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the museum | a specimen of a giant beetle |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent specimen=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nurse asked for a urine specimen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specimen:x3:1
# text = The nurse asked for a urine specimen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	urine	urine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	specimen	specimen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the nurse |  |  |  |  | for a urine specimen | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Look at the specimen under the microscope.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specimen:x4:1
# text = Look at the specimen under the microscope.
1	Look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	at	at	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	specimen	specimen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	microscope	microscope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | under the microscope; at the specimen | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at specimen=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That dinosaur bone is a rare specimen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specimen:x5:1
# text = That dinosaur bone is a rare specimen.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	specimen	specimen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | that dinosaur bone | a rare specimen |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each rock specimen was labelled with its name and where it was found.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specimen:x6:1
# text = Each rock specimen was labelled with its name and where it was found.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	specimen	specimen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	labelled	labell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	13	advmod	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **labell** | past · passive |  | each rock specimen |  |  |  | with specimen's name | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | past · passive |  | specimen |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 3 | **name** |  | specimen |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What a fine specimen of a pumpkin!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specimen:x7:1
# text = What a fine specimen of a pumpkin!
1	What	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	4	det:predet	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	specimen	specimen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	pumpkin	pumpkin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I should have liked to preserve a specimen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specimen:x8:1
# text = I should have liked to preserve a specimen.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	aux	_	_
4	liked	like	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	preserve	preserve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	specimen	specimen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | should · perfect | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **preserve** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | a specimen |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent specimen=Beneficiary |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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