---
title: specs — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «specs» in the school dictionary: Specs is short for «spectacles», meaning glasses that people wear to see better. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# specs

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Specs, people, description, Grandad, I, She · **What happens:** be, mean, wear, see, make, do · **To what, where:** glasses, something, specs, bus, new pink specs, optician

<!-- .vabout -->
«specs» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [specs in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/specs.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Specs is short for «spectacles», meaning glasses that people wear to see better.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specs:m1:1
# text = Specs is short for «spectacles», meaning glasses that people wear to see better.
1	Specs	spec	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	spectacles	spectacle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
10	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	obj	_	_
12	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
13	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	better	well	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Specs |  |  |  |  | for spectacles; short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | gerund | Specs *not said here* | glasses |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Topic |
| 3 | **wear** | present | people | glasses |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **see** | to-infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Specs is short for «specifications», a detailed description of how something is made or what it can do, like a computer or phone.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specs:m2:1
# text = Specs is short for «specifications», a detailed description of how something is made or what it can do, like a computer or phone.
1	Specs	spec	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	specifications	specification	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	detailed	detailed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	description	description	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
12	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
13	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
14	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl:relcl	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	21	obj	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nsubj	_	_
20	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	21	aux	_	_
21	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	like	like	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Specs |  |  |  |  | for specifications and a detailed description; short *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present · passive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **do** | can | description |  |  |  |  | like a computer or phone | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad can't read without his specs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specs:x1:1
# text = Grandad can't read without his specs.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	specs	spec	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **read** | can | Grandad |  |  |  |  | without Grandad's specs | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I left my specs on the bus!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specs:x2:1
# text = I left my specs on the bus!
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	specs	spec	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past | I | my specs |  | the bus |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent spec=Theme on bus=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She got new pink specs from the optician.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specs:x3:1
# text = She got new pink specs from the optician.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	pink	pink	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	specs	spec	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	optician	optician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | She | new pink specs |  | the optician |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent spec=Theme from optician=Source |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new tablet has amazing specs: a big screen and lots of memory.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specs:x4:1
# text = The new tablet has amazing specs: a big screen and lots of memory.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	tablet	tablet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	amazing	amazing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	specs	spec	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	screen	screen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the new tablet | amazing specs |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spec=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before buying, Dad checked the specs of the laptop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specs:x5:1
# text = Before buying, Dad checked the specs of the laptop.
1	Before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	buying	buy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	checked	check	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	specs	spec	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	laptop	laptop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | gerund | Dad *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **check** | past | Dad | the specs of the laptop |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spec=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My specs steamed up when I came in from the cold.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:specs:x6:1
# text = My specs steamed up when I came in from the cold.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	specs	spec	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	steamed	steam	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **steam up** | participle | My specs |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **come in** | past | I |  |  | the cold |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from cold=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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