---
title: spectre — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «spectre» in the school dictionary: A spectre is a ghost, or a frightening image of a ghost. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# spectre

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**Who acts:** spectre, It, treasure · **What happens:** be, image, grin, tell, lay · **To what, where:** ghost, spectre, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«spectre» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [spectre in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/spectre.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spectre is a ghost, or a frightening image of a ghost.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spectre:m1:1
# text = A spectre is a ghost, or a frightening image of a ghost.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spectre	spectre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	frightening	frightening	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	ghost	ghost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a spectre | a ghost |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **image** |  |  | a ghost |  |  |  |  | nom image «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was the spectre of her child.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spectre:x1:1
# text = It was the spectre of her child.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	spectre	spectre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | the spectre |  |  |  | of her child | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spectre grinned at me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spectre:x2:1
# text = The spectre grinned at me.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spectre	spectre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grinned	grin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grin** | past | the spectre |  |  |  |  | at me | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spectre told me where the treasure lay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spectre:x3:1
# text = The spectre told me where the treasure lay.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spectre	spectre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	8	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	treasure	treasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the spectre |  | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |
| 2 | **lay** | infinitive | the treasure |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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