---
title: sphere — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sphere» in the school dictionary: A round solid shape like a ball, where every point on the surface is the same distance from the centre. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sphere

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** point, spheres, great rings, football, sphere, Earth · **What happens:** be, carry, have, curve, call, echo · **To what, where:** same distance, centre, heavens, old writings, stars, sphere · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sphere» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sphere in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sphere.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A round solid shape like a ball, where every point on the surface is the same distance from the centre.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sphere:m1:1
# text = A round solid shape like a ball, where every point on the surface is the same distance from the centre.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	round	round	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
9	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	18	advmod	_	_
10	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
19	from	from	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | every point on the surface | the same distance |  | the centre |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An area of activity, interest or power: the sphere of science.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sphere:m2:1
# text = An area of activity, interest or power: the sphere of science.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sphere	sphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A layer around the Earth: atmosphere, hemisphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sphere:m3:1
# text = A layer around the Earth: atmosphere, hemisphere.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	around	around	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	atmosphere	atmosphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In old writings, the spheres are the heavens, the great rings in the sky that carry the stars and planets.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sphere:m4:1
# text = In old writings, the spheres are the heavens, the great rings in the sky that carry the stars and planets.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	writings	writing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	spheres	sphere	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	heavens	heaven	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	rings	ring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	appos	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
18	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	planets	planet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the spheres | the heavens |  | old writings |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **carry** | present | the great rings in the sky | the stars and planets |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent star=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A football is a sphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sphere:x1:1
# text = A football is a sphere.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sphere	sphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a football | a sphere |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sphere has one curved face and no edges.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sphere:x2:1
# text = A sphere has one curved face and no edges.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sphere	sphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
6	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	9	det	_	_
9	edges	edge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a sphere | one curved face and no edges |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Patient |
| 2 | **curve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth is nearly a sphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sphere:x3:1
# text = The Earth is nearly a sphere.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sphere	sphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Earth | a sphere |  |  |  | nearly *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bubble is a sphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sphere:x4:1
# text = A bubble is a sphere.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bubble	bubble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sphere	sphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a bubble | a sphere |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Half a sphere is called a hemisphere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sphere:x5:1
# text = Half a sphere is called a hemisphere.
1	Half	half	DET	PDT	NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac|PronType=Ind	3	det:predet	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sphere	sphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hemisphere	hemisphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | half sphere |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Music is her sphere of interest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sphere:x6:1
# text = Music is her sphere of interest.
1	Music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	sphere	sphere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Music | her sphere |  |  |  | of interest | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Through the spheres echoed the words:

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sphere:x7:1
# text = Through the spheres echoed the words:
1	Through	through	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	spheres	sphere	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	echoed	echo	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **echo** | past | the spheres | the words |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location word=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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