---
title: spike — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «spike» in the school dictionary: A spike is a thin, sharp point, like on a fence, a cactus or a hedgehog. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# spike

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** spike, Spikes, fence, we, Sprinters, She · **What happens:** be, spike, mean, rise, stick, put · **To what, where:** thin sharp point, sudden sharp rise, sharp point, something, drink, alcohol · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«spike» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [spike in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/spike.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spike is a thin, sharp point, like on a fence, a cactus or a hedgehog.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spike:m1:1
# text = A spike is a thin, sharp point, like on a fence, a cactus or a hedgehog.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spike	spike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	cactus	cactus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a spike | a thin sharp point |  |  |  | like a fence and a cactus or a hedgehog | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spike is a sudden, sharp rise: «a spike in temperature».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spike:m2:1
# text = A spike is a sudden, sharp rise: «a spike in temperature».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spike	spike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	sudden	sudden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	rise	rise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	spike	spike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a spike | a sudden sharp rise |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To spike means to rise suddenly, or to stick a sharp point into something.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spike:m3:1
# text = To spike means to rise suddenly, or to stick a sharp point into something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	spike	spike	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	stick	stick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	into	into	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spike** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **rise** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **stick** | to-infinitive |  | a sharp point |  | something |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent point=Theme into something=Destination |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To spike a drink means to secretly put alcohol or a drug in it, which is dangerous and against the law.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spike:m4:1
# text = To spike a drink means to secretly put alcohol or a drug in it, which is dangerous and against the law.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	spike	spike	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	secretly	secretly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
9	alcohol	alcohol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	drug	drug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	nsubj	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	advcl	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	against	against	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	law	law	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spike** | to-infinitive |  | a drink |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **put** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | alcohol or a drug |  | drug |  | secretly *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent alcohol=Theme in it=Destination |
| 4 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | dangerous *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spikes are running shoes with short metal points on the bottom for grip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spike:m5:1
# text = Spikes are running shoes with short metal points on the bottom for grip.
1	Spikes	spike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	shoes	shoe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	grip	grip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present · progressive | Spikes | shoes |  |  |  | with short metal points on the bottom for grip | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shoe=Product with point=Material |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cactus is covered in sharp spikes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spike:x1:1
# text = The cactus is covered in sharp spikes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cactus	cactus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	spikes	spike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive |  | the cactus |  |  |  | in sharp spikes | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in spike=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fence had spikes on top to stop people climbing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spike:x2:1
# text = The fence had spikes on top to stop people climbing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	spikes	spike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	climbing	climb	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the fence | spikes |  | top |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spike=Patient |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | the fence *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **climb** | gerund | the fence *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a spike in the graph when we started running.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spike:x3:1
# text = There was a spike in the graph when we started running.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	spike	spike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
11	running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a spike in the graph |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **start** | past | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **run** | gerund | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The temperature spiked in the afternoon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spike:x4:1
# text = The temperature spiked in the afternoon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	spiked	spike	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spike** | participle |  | the temperature *not said here* |  |  | afternoon |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sprinters wear spikes for better grip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spike:x5:1
# text = Sprinters wear spikes for better grip.
1	Sprinters	sprinter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	spikes	spike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	grip	grip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | Sprinters | spikes |  |  |  | for better grip | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent spike=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She jumped and spiked the volleyball over the net.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spike:x6:1
# text = She jumped and spiked the volleyball over the net.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	jumped	jump	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	spiked	spike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	volleyball	volleyball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	over	over	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	net	net	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | past | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **spike** | past | She *not said here* | the volleyball |  | the net |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never leave your drink alone, in case someone spikes it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spike:x7:1
# text = Never leave your drink alone, in case someone spikes it.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	leave	leave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	in	in	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	10	mark	_	_
8	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	fixed	_	_
9	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nsubj	_	_
10	spikes	spike	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **leave** | imperative | you *not said here* | your drink |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent drink=Theme |
| 2 | **spike** | present | someone | drink |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cleric spiked forward his chin, and then butted forward his brow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spike:x8:1
# text = The cleric spiked forward his chin, and then butted forward his brow.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cleric	cleric	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spiked	spike	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	chin	chin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
10	butted	butt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
11	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	brow	brow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spike** | past | the cleric | cleric's chin |  |  |  | forward *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **butt** | past |  | cleric's brow |  |  | then | forward *property* | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brow=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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<!-- pn -->
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