---
title: spinach — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «spinach» in the school dictionary: Spinach is a dark green leafy vegetable that can be eaten raw in salads or cooked. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# spinach

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Spinach, Mum, Popeye, big pile, you, We · **What happens:** be, eat, cook, put, get, shrink · **To what, where:** dark green leafy vegetable, salads, spinach, pasta sauce, pile, school garden

<!-- .vabout -->
«spinach» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [spinach in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/spinach.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spinach is a dark green leafy vegetable that can be eaten raw in salads or cooked.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinach:m1:1
# text = Spinach is a dark green leafy vegetable that can be eaten raw in salads or cooked.
1	Spinach	spinach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	leafy	leafy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	vegetable	vegetable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	eaten	eat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	raw	raw	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	salads	salad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	cooked	cook	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Spinach | a dark green leafy vegetable |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | can · passive |  | a dark green leafy vegetable |  | salads |  | raw *property* | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 3 | **cook** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum puts spinach in the pasta sauce.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinach:x1:1
# text = Mum puts spinach in the pasta sauce.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	puts	put	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	spinach	spinach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	pasta	pasta	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	sauce	sauce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present | Mum | spinach |  | the pasta sauce |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent spinach=Theme in sauce=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Popeye eats spinach to get strong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinach:x2:1
# text = Popeye eats spinach to get strong.
1	Popeye	Popeye	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	eats	eat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	spinach	spinach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | present | Popeye | spinach |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spinach=Patient |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive | Popeye *not said here* |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A big pile of spinach shrinks to a small spoonful when you cook it.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinach:x3:1
# text = A big pile of spinach shrinks to a small spoonful when you cook it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pile	pile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	spinach	spinach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	shrinks	shrink	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	spoonful	spoonful	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
11	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	cook	cook	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shrink** | present | a big pile of spinach |  |  |  |  | to a small spoonful *result* | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent to spoonful=Result |
| 2 | **cook** | present | you | pile |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We grew spinach in the school garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinach:x4:1
# text = We grew spinach in the school garden.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	spinach	spinach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | past | We | spinach |  | the school garden |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location spinach=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Baby spinach is nice in a salad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinach:x5:1
# text = Baby spinach is nice in a salad.
1	Baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	spinach	spinach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	nice	nice	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	salad	salad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Baby spinach |  |  | a salad |  | nice *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spinach has lots of vitamins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinach:x6:1
# text = Spinach has lots of vitamins.
1	Spinach	spinach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	vitamins	vitamin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Spinach | lots of vitamins |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And certainly it was a cow, a fine red cow, fat and flourishing, and looking as if it had been fed all its days on spinach.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinach:x7:1
# text = And certainly it was a cow, a fine red cow, fat and flourishing, and looking as if it had been fed all its days on spinach.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	certainly	certainly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
3	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	flourishing	flourish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
19	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
20	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
22	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
23	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	fed	feed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	advcl	_	_
25	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	27	det:predet	_	_
26	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obl	_	_
28	on	on	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	spinach	spinach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | it | a cow and a fine red cow and fat |  |  |  | certainly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **flourish** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **look** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 4 | **feed** | past · perfect · passive |  | fat |  |  | day |  | vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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