---
title: spinal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «spinal» in the school dictionary: To do with the spine (backbone) or the spinal cord. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# spinal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** spinal cord, small bones, you, helmet, Fish, he · **What happens:** do, carry, make, call, not dive, get · **To what, where:** messages, brain, spinal column, vertebrae, shallow water, spinal injury · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«spinal» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [spinal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/spinal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To do with the spine (backbone) or the spinal cord.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinal:m1:1
# text = To do with the spine (backbone) or the spinal cord.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	spine	spine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	backbone	backbone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	spinal	spinal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	cord	cord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the spine or the spinal cord | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spinal cord carries messages from the brain to the body.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinal:x1:1
# text = The spinal cord carries messages from the brain to the body.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	spinal	spinal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cord	cord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | the spinal cord | messages |  | the brain |  | to the body | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent message=Theme from brain=Initial\_Location to body=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The spinal column is made of small bones called vertebrae.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinal:x2:1
# text = The spinal column is made of small bones called vertebrae.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	spinal	spinal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	column	column	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	vertebrae	vertebra	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | the spinal column |  |  |  | of small bones | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **call** | participle | small bones *not said here* | vertebrae |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never dive into shallow water — you could get a spinal injury.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinal:x3:1
# text = Never dive into shallow water — you could get a spinal injury.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	dive	dive	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	shallow	shallow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	spinal	spinal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **dive** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | shallow water |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into water=Location |
| 2 | **get** | could | you | a spinal injury |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer injury=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A helmet and seat belt help prevent spinal injuries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinal:x4:1
# text = A helmet and seat belt help prevent spinal injuries.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
4	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	prevent	prevent	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
8	spinal	spinal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	injuries	injury	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | a helmet and seat belt |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **prevent** | infinitive | a helmet and seat belt *not said here* | spinal injuries |  |  |  |  | vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer injury=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fish, birds and mammals have spinal columns.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinal:x5:1
# text = Fish, birds and mammals have spinal columns.
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	mammals	mammal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	spinal	spinal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	columns	column	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Fish and birds and mammals | spinal columns |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent column=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the accident, he needed spinal surgery.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinal:x6:1
# text = After the accident, he needed spinal surgery.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	spinal	spinal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	surgery	surgery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | past | he | spinal surgery |  |  | after the accident |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot surgery=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't move someone who might have a spinal injury.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinal:x7:1
# text = Don't move someone who might have a spinal injury.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	spinal	spinal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **move** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme someone=Result |
| 2 | **have** | might |  | a spinal injury |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent injury=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The nurse explained what the spinal cord does.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spinal:x8:1
# text = The nurse explained what the spinal cord does.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	explained	explain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	obj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	spinal	spinal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cord	cord	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | past | the nurse |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **do** | present | the spinal cord |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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