---
title: spirits — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «spirits» in the school dictionary: A person's mood or feelings: in high spirits (happy), in low spirits (sad). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# spirits

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** children, hot drink, Spirits, Dad, you, we · **What happens:** methylat, use, be, raise, say, clean · **To what, where:** methylated spirits, high spirits, spirits, old house, brushes, good spirits · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«spirits» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [spirits in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/spirits.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person's mood or feelings: in high spirits (happy), in low spirits (sad).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spirits:m1:1
# text = A person's mood or feelings: in high spirits (happy), in low spirits (sad).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	mood	mood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
11	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	parataxis	_	_
18	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ghosts, or beings without bodies in stories and beliefs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spirits:m2:1
# text = Ghosts, or beings without bodies in stories and beliefs.
1	Ghosts	ghost	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	beings	being	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bodies	body	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	beliefs	belief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strong alcoholic drinks like whisky, vodka, gin and rum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spirits:m3:1
# text = Strong alcoholic drinks like whisky, vodka, gin and rum.
1	Strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	alcoholic	alcoholic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	drinks	drink	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	whisky	whisky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	vodka	vodka	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	gin	gin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	rum	rum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Liquids such as white spirit or methylated spirits used for cleaning or fuel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spirits:m4:1
# text = Liquids such as white spirit or methylated spirits used for cleaning or fuel.
1	Liquids	liquid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	5	case	_	_
3	as	as	ADP	IN	_	2	fixed	_	_
4	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	methylated	methylat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	cleaning	cleaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **methylat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  | methylated spirits *not said here* |  |  |  | for cleaning or fuel | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Courage and energy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spirits:m5:1
# text = Courage and energy.
1	Courage	courage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children were in high spirits on the last day of school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spirits:x1:1
# text = The children were in high spirits on the last day of school.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the children |  |  | high spirits | day |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hot drink raised our spirits.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spirits:x2:1
# text = A hot drink raised our spirits.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | participle | a hot drink *not said here* | our spirits |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spirit=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old house was said to be full of spirits.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spirits:x3:1
# text = The old house was said to be full of spirits.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
8	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | the old house |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of spirits; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spirits are much stronger than beer or wine.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spirits:x4:1
# text = Spirits are much stronger than beer or wine.
1	Spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	much	much	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	beer	beer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Spirits |  |  |  |  | than beer or wine; strong *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad cleaned the brushes with white spirit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spirits:x5:1
# text = Dad cleaned the brushes with white spirit.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cleaned	clean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	brushes	brush	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | past | Dad | the brushes |  |  |  | with white spirit | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent brush=Patient with spirit=Instrument |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep your spirits up — we're nearly there!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spirits:x6:1
# text = Keep your spirits up — we're nearly there!
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	're	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep up** | imperative | you *not said here* | your spirits |  |  |  |  | vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent spirit=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | we |  |  |  |  | nearly, there *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"You seem to be in good spirits."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spirits:x7:1
# text = "You seem to be in good spirits."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	seem	seem	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seem** *in a quote* | present | You |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | You *not said here* |  |  | good spirits |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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