---
title: spoof — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «spoof» in the school dictionary: A spoof is a funny copy of something, such as a film, song or advert, that makes fun of it by exaggerating it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# spoof

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** spoof, that, email, film, class, Comedians · **What happens:** be, make, exaggerate, spoof, pretend, send · **To what, where:** funny copy, fun, spoof, something, someone, example

<!-- .vabout -->
«spoof» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [spoof in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/spoof.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spoof is a funny copy of something, such as a film, song or advert, that makes fun of it by exaggerating it.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spoof:m1:1
# text = A spoof is a funny copy of something, such as a film, song or advert, that makes fun of it by exaggerating it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spoof	spoof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	advert	advert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
21	fun	fun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nmod	_	_
24	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
25	exaggerating	exaggerate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a spoof | a funny copy |  |  |  | of something | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | that | fun of spoof |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fun=Product |
| 3 | **exaggerate** | gerund | that *not said here* | spoof |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To spoof something is to make that kind of funny copy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spoof:m2:1
# text = To spoof something is to make that kind of funny copy.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	spoof	spoof	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spoof** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: computers — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spoofing is pretending to be someone else online, for example sending an email that looks as if it comes from your bank or school, to trick people.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spoof:m3:1
# text = Spoofing is pretending to be someone else online, for example sending an email that looks as if it comes from your bank or school, to trick people.
1	Spoofing	spoof	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	pretending	pretend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	xcomp	_	_
7	else	else	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	online	online	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	sending	send	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
13	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	trick	trick	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
29	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spoof** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pretend** | present · progressive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | else, online *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **send** | gerund |  | example |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent email=Theme |
| 5 | **look** | present | a email |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 6 | **come** | present | email |  |  | your bank or school |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from bank=Initial\_Location |
| 7 | **trick** | to-infinitive |  | people |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spoof can also be a trick or hoax.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spoof:m4:1
# text = A spoof can also be a trick or hoax.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spoof	spoof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	hoax	hoax	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | a spoof | a trick or hoax |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film is a spoof of old superhero movies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spoof:x1:1
# text = The film is a spoof of old superhero movies.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	spoof	spoof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	superhero	superhero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	movies	movie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the film | a spoof |  |  |  | of old superhero movies | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class made a spoof news report for fun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spoof:x2:1
# text = Our class made a spoof news report for fun.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	spoof	spoof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	fun	fun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Our class | a spoof news report |  |  |  | for fun | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent report=Product for fun=Asset |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Comedians love to spoof politicians.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spoof:x3:1
# text = Comedians love to spoof politicians.
1	Comedians	comedian	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	spoof	spoof	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	politicians	politician	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | Comedians |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **spoof** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Comedians *not said here* | politicians |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
That email is a spoof; it isn't really from the bank.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spoof:x4:1
# text = That email is a spoof; it isn't really from the bank.
1	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	spoof	spoof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
10	really	really	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | that email | a spoof |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | email |  |  | the bank |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scammers spoofed the school's phone number.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spoof:x5:1
# text = Scammers spoofed the school's phone number.
1	Scammers	scammer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	spoofed	spoof	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spoof** | participle | Scammers *not said here* | the school's phone number |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was only a spoof, but some people believed it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spoof:x6:1
# text = It was only a spoof, but some people believed it.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	spoof	spoof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	det	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a spoof |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **believe** | past | some people | spoof |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The song spoofs famous pop stars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spoof:x7:1
# text = The song spoofs famous pop stars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	spoofs	spoof	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	pop	pop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	stars	star	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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