---
title: spread — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «spread» in the school dictionary: To open or stretch out something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# spread

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, fire, Germs, news, bird, confusion · **What happens:** open, stretch out, put, move, reach, share out · **To what, where:** something, thin layer, surface, more places, more people, soft food

<!-- .vabout -->
«spread» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [spread in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/spread.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To open or stretch out something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:m1:1
# text = To open or stretch out something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	open	open	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	stretch	stretch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **stretch out** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent something=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"spread your arms".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:m1e:1
# text = "spread your arms".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	spread	spread	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** *in a quote* | imperative | you *not said here* | your arms |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location arm=Theme |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To put a thin layer of something over a surface.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:m2:1
# text = To put a thin layer of something over a surface.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | to-infinitive |  | a thin layer of something |  | a surface |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent layer=Theme over surface=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"spread butter on toast".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:m2e:1
# text = "spread butter on toast".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	butter	butter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	toast	toast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** *in a quote* | past |  | butter |  | toast |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent butter=Theme on toast=Destination |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To move into more places or reach more people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:m3:1
# text = To move into more places or reach more people.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	reach	reach	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	9	amod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | more places |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into place=Trajectory |
| 2 | **reach** | present |  | more people |  |  |  |  | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent people=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"The fire spread." "Germs spread."

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* "The fire spread." "

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:m3e:1
# text = "The fire spread." "
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
7	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** *in a quote* | past | the fire |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Germs spread."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:m3e:2
# text = Germs spread."
1	Germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | Germs |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To share out over time or space.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:m4:1
# text = To share out over time or space.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	share	share	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **share out** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | time | out *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"spread the work over a week".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:m4e:1
# text = "spread the work over a week".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** *in a quote* | past |  | the work |  |  | week |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location work=Theme |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a noun, a soft food you put on bread, or a big meal.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:m5:1
# text = As a noun, a soft food you put on bread, or a big meal.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	put	put	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present | you | a soft food |  | bread |  | as a noun; a big meal *obl* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme on bread=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spread butter on your bread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:x1:1
# text = Spread butter on your bread.
1	Spread	spread	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	butter	butter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | imperative | you *not said here* | butter |  | your bread |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent butter=Theme on bread=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fire spread to the trees.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:x2:1
# text = The fire spread to the trees.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | past | the fire |  |  |  |  | to the trees | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cover your mouth so germs don't spread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:x3:1
# text = Cover your mouth so germs don't spread.
1	Cover	cover	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | imperative | you *not said here* | your mouth |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme mouth=Destination |
| 2 | **not** **spread** | present · do-support | germs |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spread out so you have more space.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:x4:1
# text = Spread out so you have more space.
1	Spread	spread	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread out** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | you | more space |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent space=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The news spread quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:x5:1
# text = The news spread quickly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | past | the news |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bird spread its wings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:x6:1
# text = The bird spread its wings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | past | the bird | bird's wings |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location wing=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't spread rumours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:x7:1
# text = Don't spread rumours.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	spread	spread	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rumours	rumour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **spread** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | rumours |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location rumour=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spread the payments over six months.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:x8:1
# text = Spread the payments over six months.
1	Spread	spread	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	payments	payment	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	over	over	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	months	month	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | imperative | you *not said here* | the payments |  |  | month |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location payment=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The confusion spread wider and wider.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spread:x9:1
# text = The confusion spread wider and wider.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	confusion	confusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	wider	wide	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	wider	wide	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | past | the confusion |  |  |  |  | wide *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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