---
title: springbok — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «springbok» in the school dictionary: A springbok is a small, fast antelope (a deer-like animal) of southern Africa, brown and white, famous for jumping high into the air. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# springbok

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** springbok, Springboks, Cheetahs, We, scared springboks · **What happens:** be, jump, name, grow, hunt, live · **To what, where:** small fast antelope, air, national union team, springboks, dry grasslands, New Zealand · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«springbok» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [springbok in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/springbok.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A springbok is a small, fast antelope (a deer-like animal) of southern Africa, brown and white, famous for jumping high into the air.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:springbok:m1:1
# text = A springbok is a small, fast antelope (a deer-like animal) of southern Africa, brown and white, famous for jumping high into the air.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	springbok	springbok	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	fast	fast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	antelope	antelope	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
11	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	parataxis	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	conj	_	_
25	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
26	jumping	jump	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	24	advcl	_	_
27	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	26	advmod	_	_
28	into	into	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a springbok | a small fast antelope |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **jump** | gerund | a springbok *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into the air *result*; high *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into air=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Springboks are the national rugby union team of South Africa, named after the animal.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:springbok:m2:1
# text = The Springboks are the national rugby union team of South Africa, named after the animal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Springboks	Springbok	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	rugby	rugby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	union	union	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
14	after	after	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Springboks | the national union team |  |  |  | of South Africa | tree rules |
| 2 | **name** | participle |  | the national union team *not said here* |  |  | after the animal |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A springbok can jump higher than a grown-up's head.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:springbok:x1:1
# text = A springbok can jump higher than a grown-up's head.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	springbok	springbok	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	up	up	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | can | a springbok |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **grow** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cheetahs and lions hunt springboks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:springbok:x2:1
# text = Cheetahs and lions hunt springboks.
1	Cheetahs	cheetah	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	hunt	hunt	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	springboks	springbok	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hunt** | present | Cheetahs and lions | springboks |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent springbok=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Springboks live on dry grasslands in southern Africa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:springbok:x3:1
# text = Springboks live on dry grasslands in southern Africa.
1	Springboks	springbok	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	dry	dry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	grasslands	grassland	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	southern	southern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Springboks |  |  | dry grasslands |  | in southern Africa | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Springboks beat New Zealand in the final.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:springbok:x4:1
# text = The Springboks beat New Zealand in the final.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Springboks	Springboks	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	beat	beat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	New	New	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	_
5	Zealand	Zealand	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	final	final	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | past | the Springboks | New Zealand |  |  |  | in the final | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent zealand=Patient in final=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw a herd of springboks on the safari video.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:springbok:x5:1
# text = We saw a herd of springboks on the safari video.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	springboks	springbok	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	safari	safari	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a herd of springboks on the safari video |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer herd=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The springbok is South Africa's national animal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:springbok:x6:1
# text = The springbok is South Africa's national animal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	springbok	springbok	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	South	South	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	national	national	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the springbok | South Africa's national animal |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When scared, springboks leap with stiff legs; this is called pronking.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:springbok:x7:1
# text = When scared, springboks leap with stiff legs; this is called pronking.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	2	mark	_	_
2	scared	scared	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	springboks	springbok	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	leap	leap	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
13	pronking	pronking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leap** | present | scared springboks |  |  |  |  | with stiff legs | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  | this |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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