---
title: sprinter — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sprinter» in the school dictionary: A sprinter is a runner who races over short distances very fast. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sprinter

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** sprinter, runner, person, Sprinters, best sprinter, cheetah · **What happens:** be, race, run, call, cross, crouch · **To what, where:** runner, short distances, animal, line, starting blocks, last part · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sprinter» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sprinter in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sprinter.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sprinter is a runner who races over short distances very fast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sprinter:m1:1
# text = A sprinter is a runner who races over short distances very fast.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sprinter	sprinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	runner	runner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	races	race	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	over	over	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	distances	distance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a sprinter | a runner |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **race** | present | a runner | short distances |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent distance=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any animal or person who can run very fast for a short time can be called a sprinter.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sprinter:m2:1
# text = Any animal or person who can run very fast for a short time can be called a sprinter.
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	run	run	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	sprinter	sprinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | can | person |  |  |  | time | fast *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | can · passive |  | any animal or person |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sprinter crossed the line first.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sprinter:x1:1
# text = The sprinter crossed the line first.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sprinter	sprinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | past | the sprinter | the line |  |  |  | first *property* | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sprinters crouch in the starting blocks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sprinter:x2:1
# text = Sprinters crouch in the starting blocks.
1	Sprinters	sprinter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	crouch	crouch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	starting	starting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	blocks	block	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **crouch** | present | Sprinters |  |  | the starting blocks |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in block=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class's best sprinter runs the last part of the relay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sprinter:x3:1
# text = Our class's best sprinter runs the last part of the relay.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	sprinter	sprinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	runs	run	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	relay	relay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | present | Our class's best sprinter | the last part of the relay |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme part=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A cheetah is a great sprinter but tires quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sprinter:x4:1
# text = A cheetah is a great sprinter but tires quickly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cheetah	cheetah	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sprinter	sprinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	tires	tire	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a cheetah | a great sprinter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tire** | present | a cheetah *not said here* |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sprinters waited for the starting gun.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sprinter:x5:1
# text = The sprinters waited for the starting gun.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sprinters	sprinter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	waited	wait	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	starting	starting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	gun	gun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | past | the sprinters |  |  |  |  | for the starting gun | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wants to be an Olympic sprinter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sprinter:x6:1
# text = She wants to be an Olympic sprinter.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wants	want	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	Olympic	olympic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	sprinter	sprinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **want** | present | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is a** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | a Olympic sprinter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sprinter's time was 12.5 seconds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sprinter:x7:1
# text = The sprinter's time was 12.5 seconds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sprinter	sprinter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	12.5	12.5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the sprinter's time | 12.5 seconds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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