---
title: spud — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «spud» in the school dictionary: A spud is a potato. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# spud

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** spud, you, We, Grandad, Mashed spuds, disease · **What happens:** be, peel, have, grow, mash, destroy · **To what, where:** potato, small digging tool, spuds, jacket spuds, garden, 1845

<!-- .vabout -->
«spud» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [spud in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/spud.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal, UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spud is a potato.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spud:m1:1
# text = A spud is a potato.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spud	spud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	potato	potato	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a spud | a potato |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old, tool — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spud is a small digging tool with a narrow blade, for weeding.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spud:m2:1
# text = A spud is a small digging tool with a narrow blade, for weeding.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spud	spud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	digging	digging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	blade	blade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	weeding	weeding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a spud | a small digging tool and weeding |  |  |  | with a narrow blade | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Can you peel the spuds for dinner?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spud:x1:1
# text = Can you peel the spuds for dinner?
1	Can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	peel	peel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	spuds	spud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	dinner	dinner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **peel** | can | you | the spuds |  |  |  | for dinner | vn pit-10.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spud=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had jacket spuds with beans.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spud:x2:1
# text = We had jacket spuds with beans.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	jacket	jacket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	spuds	spud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	beans	bean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | jacket spuds |  |  |  | with beans | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spud=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad grows spuds in the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spud:x3:1
# text = Grandad grows spuds in the garden.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	spuds	spud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Grandad | spuds |  | the garden |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location spud=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mashed spuds are my favourite.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spud:x4:1
# text = Mashed spuds are my favourite.
1	Mashed	mash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	spuds	spud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mash** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | Mashed spuds |  |  |  |  | favourite *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In 1845 a disease destroyed Ireland's spuds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spud:x5:1
# text = In 1845 a disease destroyed Ireland's spuds.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1845	1845	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	obl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	disease	disease	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBD	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	spuds	spud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **destroy** | past | a disease | Ireland's spuds |  | 1845 |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spud=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There's a bag of spuds in the cupboard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spud:x6:1
# text = There's a bag of spuds in the cupboard.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	spuds	spud	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	cupboard	cupboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a bag of spuds in the cupboard |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend's nickname is Spud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spud:x7:1
# text = My friend's nickname is Spud.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	nickname	nickname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	Spud	Spud	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My friend's nickname | Spud |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **nickname** |  | My friend |  |  |  |  |  | nom nickname «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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