---
title: spur — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «spur» in the school dictionary: A spur is a small metal spike or wheel on the back of a rider's boot, used to push a horse to go faster. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# spur

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** spur, you, that, Spurs, cowboy, cheers · **What happens:** be, use, push, go, spur, try · **To what, where:** small metal spike, back, horse, someone, something, you

<!-- .vabout -->
«spur» in the school dictionary: its 7 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [spur in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/spur.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spur is a small metal spike or wheel on the back of a rider's boot, used to push a horse to go faster.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:m1:1
# text = A spur is a small metal spike or wheel on the back of a rider's boot, used to push a horse to go faster.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spur	spur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	spike	spike	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	rider	rider	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	's	's	PART	POS	_	15	case	_	_
17	boot	boot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
20	to	to	PART	TO	_	21	mark	_	_
21	push	push	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	advcl	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	21	advcl	_	_
26	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	25	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a spur | a small metal spike or wheel |  | the back of a rider's boot |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **push** | to-infinitive |  | a horse |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme |
| 4 | **go** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To spur someone on is to encourage them to try harder or go faster.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:m2:1
# text = To spur someone on is to encourage them to try harder or go faster.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	spur	spur	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	encourage	encourage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	try	try	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
11	harder	hard	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
14	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spur** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn stimulate-59.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | encourage *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **try** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **go** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spur is something that makes you act: «a spur to action».

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:m3:1
# text = A spur is something that makes you act: «a spur to action».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spur	spur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	act	act	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	spur	spur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a spur | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present |  | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **act** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«On the spur of the moment» means suddenly, without planning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:m4:1
# text = «On the spur of the moment» means suddenly, without planning.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	On	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	spur	spur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	without	without	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	planning	planning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | the spur of the moment |  |  |  |  | without planning; suddenly *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **spur** *in a quote* |  |  | the moment |  |  |  |  | nom spur «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In geography a spur is a ridge of high land that sticks out from a hill or mountain into a valley.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:m5:1
# text = In geography a spur is a ridge of high land that sticks out from a hill or mountain into a valley.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	geography	geography	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	spur	spur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ridge	ridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	sticks	stick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
13	out	out	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	_
19	into	into	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a spur | a ridge |  | geography |  | of high land | tree rules |
| 2 | **stick out** | present | that |  |  | a hill or mountain |  | into a valley | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into valley=Destination |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A spur is a sharp point on the back of the leg of some birds, such as a rooster.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:m6:1
# text = A spur is a sharp point on the back of the leg of some birds, such as a rooster.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	spur	spur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	point	point	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	15	det	_	_
15	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	20	case	_	_
18	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	fixed	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	rooster	rooster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a spur | a sharp point |  | the back of the leg of some birds and a rooster |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 7 {#m7}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: a name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spurs is the nickname of Tottenham Hotspur football club and San Antonio Spurs basketball team.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:m7:1
# text = Spurs is the nickname of Tottenham Hotspur football club and San Antonio Spurs basketball team.
1	Spurs	spur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	nickname	nickname	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	Tottenham	Tottenham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
7	Hotspur	Hotspur	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
8	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	San	San	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	Antonio	Antonio	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	_
13	Spurs	Spur	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
14	basketball	basketball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
15	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Spurs | the nickname |  |  |  | of Tottenham football club and San  Spurs | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cowboy's spurs jingled as he walked.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:x1:1
# text = The cowboy's spurs jingled as he walked.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cowboy	cowboy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	spurs	spur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	jingled	jingle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jingle** | past | the cowboy's spurs |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **walk** | past | cowboy |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **spur** |  | the cowboy |  |  |  |  |  | nom spur «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The crowd's cheers spurred her on to win the race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:x2:1
# text = The crowd's cheers spurred her on to win the race.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	cheers	cheer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	spurred	spur	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	win	win	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spur on** | past | the crowd's cheers | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn stimulate-59.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Patient |
| 2 | **win** | to-infinitive | the crowd's cheers *not said here* | the race |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Eventuality |
| 3 | **cheer** |  | the crowd |  |  |  |  |  | nom cheer «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On the spur of the moment, we decided to go to the beach.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:x3:1
# text = On the spur of the moment, we decided to go to the beach.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	spur	spur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	decided	decide	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **decide** | past | we |  |  | the spur of the moment |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | we *not said here* |  |  | the beach |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to beach=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **spur** |  |  | the moment |  |  |  |  | nom spur «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river winds between interlocking spurs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:x4:1
# text = The river winds between interlocking spurs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	winds	wind	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	between	between	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	interlocking	interlock	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	spurs	spur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wind** | present | the river |  |  | interlocking spurs |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme between spur=Trajectory |
| 2 | **interlock** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rooster had sharp spurs on its legs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:x5:1
# text = The rooster had sharp spurs on its legs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rooster	rooster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	spurs	spur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the rooster | sharp spurs |  | rooster's legs |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spur=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fire spurred the town to build a new fire station.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:x6:1
# text = The fire spurred the town to build a new fire station.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spurred	spur	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
9	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	station	station	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spur** | past | the fire | the town |  |  |  |  | vn stimulate-59.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent town=Patient |
| 2 | **build** | to-infinitive | the fire *not said here* | a new fire station |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset station=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He supports Spurs, not Arsenal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:x7:1
# text = He supports Spurs, not Arsenal.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	supports	support	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	Spurs	spur	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	Arsenal	Arsenal	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **support** | present | He | Spurs |  |  |  | Arsenal *obl* | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer spur=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good marks spurred him to work even harder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:x8:1
# text = Good marks spurred him to work even harder.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	marks	mark	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spurred	spur	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	even	even	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	harder	hard	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spur** | past | Good marks | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **work** | to-infinitive | Good marks *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hot with excitement, the Tsar spurred his horse on yet faster.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:spur:x9:1
# text = Hot with excitement, the Tsar spurred his horse on yet faster.
1	Hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	excitement	excitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	spurred	spur	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	faster	fast	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spur** | past | Hot excitement | Tsar's horse |  | faster |  |  | vn stimulate-59.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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