---
title: sputnik — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sputnik» in the school dictionary: Sputnik was the first man-made satellite sent into orbit around the Earth, by the Soviet Union. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sputnik

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Sputnik, word, satellite, We · **What happens:** make, be, send, orbit, beep, start · **To what, where:** first made satellite, orbit, first satellite, Earth, radio signals, space race

<!-- .vabout -->
«sputnik» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sputnik in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sputnik.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sputnik was the first man-made satellite sent into orbit around the Earth, by the Soviet Union.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sputnik:m1:1
# text = Sputnik was the first man-made satellite sent into orbit around the Earth, by the Soviet Union.
1	Sputnik	Sputnik	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
4	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	8	amod	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	satellite	satellite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	orbit	orbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
12	around	around	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	Soviet	Soviet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	Union	Union	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Sputnik | the first made satellite |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **send** | participle |  | the first made satellite *not said here* |  | orbit |  | around the Earth; by the Soviet Union | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any of the Soviet satellites with that name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sputnik:m2:1
# text = Any of the Soviet satellites with that name.
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Soviet	Soviet	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	satellites	satellite	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The word is Russian for «fellow traveller» or «satellite».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sputnik:m3:1
# text = The word is Russian for «fellow traveller» or «satellite».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	fellow	fellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	traveller	traveller	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	satellite	satellite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the word |  |  |  |  | for fellow traveller or satellite; russian *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sputnik was the first satellite to orbit the Earth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sputnik:x1:1
# text = Sputnik was the first satellite to orbit the Earth.
1	Sputnik	Sputnik	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	amod	_	_
5	satellite	satellite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	orbit	orbit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Sputnik | the first satellite |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **orbit** | to-infinitive |  | the Earth |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sputnik sent beeping radio signals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sputnik:x2:1
# text = Sputnik sent beeping radio signals.
1	Sputnik	Sputnik	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	beeping	beep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	radio	radio	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	signals	signal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | Sputnik |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **beep** | gerund | Sputnik *not said here* | radio signals |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location signal=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sputnik started the space race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sputnik:x3:1
# text = Sputnik started the space race.
1	Sputnik	Sputnik	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | Sputnik | the space race |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The satellite was a shiny metal ball with four long aerials.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sputnik:x4:1
# text = The satellite was a shiny metal ball with four long aerials.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	satellite	satellite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	aerials	aerial	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the satellite | a shiny metal ball |  |  |  | with four long aerials | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sputnik orbited the Earth in about 96 minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sputnik:x5:1
# text = Sputnik orbited the Earth in about 96 minutes.
1	Sputnik	Sputnik	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	orbited	orbit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	about	about	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	96	96	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **orbit** | past | Sputnik | the Earth |  |  | minute |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We made a model of Sputnik in class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sputnik:x6:1
# text = We made a model of Sputnik in class.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	model	model	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Sputnik	Sputnik	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | We | a model of Sputnik |  | class |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent model=Product |
| 2 | **model** |  |  | Sputnik |  |  |  |  | nom model «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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