---
title: stamina — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stamina» in the school dictionary: The strength and energy to keep doing something hard, especially physical activity, for a long time without getting tired. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stamina

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** long time, Running, Marathon runners, I, Swimming, Doing · **What happens:** keep, do, get, run, build up, need · **To what, where:** something, stamina, huge stamina, mountain, hundred spellings, one go

<!-- .vabout -->
«stamina» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stamina in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stamina.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The strength and energy to keep doing something hard, especially physical activity, for a long time without getting tired.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stamina:m1:1
# text = The strength and energy to keep doing something hard, especially physical activity, for a long time without getting tired.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
7	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
12	physical	physical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	activity	activity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
19	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
20	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	acl	_	_
21	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  | time |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **get** | gerund | a long time *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Running every day builds up your stamina.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stamina:x1:1
# text = Running every day builds up your stamina.
1	Running	run	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	builds	build	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	stamina	stamina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | gerund |  |  |  |  | day |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **build up** | present | Running | your stamina |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer stamina=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Marathon runners need huge stamina.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stamina:x2:1
# text = Marathon runners need huge stamina.
1	Marathon	marathon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	stamina	stamina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | Marathon runners | huge stamina |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot stamina=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I don't have the stamina to walk up that mountain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stamina:x3:1
# text = I don't have the stamina to walk up that mountain.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stamina	stamina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
9	up	up	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	det	_	_
11	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **have** | present · do-support | I | the stamina |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stamina=Patient |
| 2 | **walk** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | the stamina *not said here* |  | that mountain |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme up mountain=Trajectory |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swimming is great for stamina.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stamina:x4:1
# text = Swimming is great for stamina.
1	Swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	stamina	stamina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Swimming |  |  |  |  | for stamina; great *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doing a hundred spellings in one go takes stamina!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stamina:x5:1
# text = Doing a hundred spellings in one go takes stamina!
1	Doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	spellings	spelling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	go	go	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	stamina	stamina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund |  | hundred spellings |  | one go |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spelling=Eventuality |
| 2 | **take** | present | Doing | stamina |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stamina=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The puppy has endless stamina for playing fetch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stamina:x6:1
# text = The puppy has endless stamina for playing fetch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	endless	endless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	stamina	stamina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	playing	play	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
8	fetch	fetch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the puppy | endless stamina |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stamina=Patient |
| 2 | **play** | gerund | endless stamina *not said here* | fetch |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fetch=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The team lost because they ran out of stamina in the second half.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stamina:x7:1
# text = The team lost because they ran out of stamina in the second half.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	stamina	stamina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	13	amod	_	_
13	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | the team |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **run** | past | they |  |  | stamina in the second half |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme out stamina=Trajectory |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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