---
title: standardisation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «standardisation» in the school dictionary: Making things the same size, shape, quality or way of working, so they fit together or can be compared. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# standardisation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** way, things, everyone, Standardisation, metre, Railway timetables · **What happens:** make, work, fit together, compare, agree, use · **To what, where:** things, standard rules, units, time, many phones, plugs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«standardisation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [standardisation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/standardisation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Making things the same size, shape, quality or way of working, so they fit together or can be compared.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:standardisation:m1:1
# text = Making things the same size, shape, quality or way of working, so they fit together or can be compared.
1	Making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	csubj	_	_
2	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	size	size	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	quality	quality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
12	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
13	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	fit	fit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
18	together	together	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	compared	compare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | things |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product |
| 2 | **work** | gerund | way *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **fit together** | present | things *= thing* |  |  |  |  | together *property* | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **compare** | can · passive | things *= thing* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Agreeing on standard rules, units or spellings that everyone uses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:standardisation:m2:1
# text = Agreeing on standard rules, units or spellings that everyone uses.
1	Agreeing	agree	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	standard	standard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	units	unit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	spellings	spelling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
10	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	11	nsubj	_	_
11	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **agree** *speech: agree* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | on standard rules and units or spellings | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent on rule=Topic |
| 2 | **use** | present | everyone | standard rules and units or spellings |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Standardisation of units means a metre is the same everywhere.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:standardisation:x1:1
# text = Standardisation of units means a metre is the same everywhere.
1	Standardisation	standardisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	units	unit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	metre	metre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	ccomp	_	_
10	everywhere	everywhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Standardisation of units |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present | a metre |  |  |  |  | everywhere, same *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **standardise** |  |  | units |  |  |  |  | nom standardisation «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Railway timetables led to the standardisation of time across Britain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:standardisation:x2:1
# text = Railway timetables led to the standardisation of time across Britain.
1	Railway	railway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	timetables	timetable	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	standardisation	standardisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	across	across	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Britain	Britain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past | Railway timetables |  |  |  |  | to the standardisation of time across Britain | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to standardisation=Patient |
| 2 | **standardise** |  |  | time across Britain |  |  |  |  | nom standardisation «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Standardisation of plugs means one charger fits many phones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:standardisation:x3:1
# text = Standardisation of plugs means one charger fits many phones.
1	Standardisation	standardisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	plugs	plug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	charger	charger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	fits	fit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Standardisation of plugs |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **fit** | present | one charger | many phones |  |  |  |  | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phone=Patient |
| 3 | **standardise** |  |  | plugs |  |  |  |  | nom standardisation «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dictionaries helped the standardisation of spelling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:standardisation:x4:1
# text = Dictionaries helped the standardisation of spelling.
1	Dictionaries	dictionary	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	standardisation	standardisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | Dictionaries | the standardisation of spelling |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent standardisation=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **standardise** |  |  | spelling |  |  |  |  | nom standardisation «state transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Paper sizes such as A4 are the result of standardisation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:standardisation:x5:1
# text = Paper sizes such as A4 are the result of standardisation.
1	Paper	paper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	sizes	size	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	5	case	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	A4	A4	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	standardisation	standardisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Paper sizes such A4 | the result |  |  |  | of standardisation | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The factory brought in standardisation so all parts would fit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:standardisation:x6:1
# text = The factory brought in standardisation so all parts would fit.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	standardisation	standardisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	fit	fit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | participle |  | the factory *not said here* |  | standardisation |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **fit** | would | all parts |  |  |  |  |  | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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