---
title: stander — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stander» in the school dictionary: A stander is a person who stands and watches. Standers-by are people who are standing nearby, watching what happens without taking part. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stander

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**Who acts:** stander, person, Standers, people, knight · **What happens:** be, stand, watch, happen, take, gasp · **To what, where:** person, people, part, standers, Many standers, race

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«stander» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stander in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stander.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stander is a person who stands and watches. Standers-by are people who are standing nearby, watching what happens without taking part.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A stander is a person who stands and watches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stander:m1:1
# text = A stander is a person who stands and watches.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stander	stander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	stands	stand	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	watches	watch	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stander | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **watch** | present | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Standers-by are people who are standing nearby, watching what happens without taking part.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stander:m1:2
# text = Standers-by are people who are standing nearby, watching what happens without taking part.
1	Standers	stander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	1	nmod	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	standing	stand	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	nearby	nearby	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	watching	watch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
12	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	nsubj	_	_
13	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	ccomp	_	_
14	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
16	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Standers | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand** | present · progressive | people |  |  |  |  | nearby *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **watch** | gerund | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **happen** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **take** | gerund |  | part |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The standers-by gasped when the knight won.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stander:x1:1
# text = The standers-by gasped when the knight won.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	standers	stander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	gasped	gasp	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	knight	knight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gasp** | participle · passive |  | the standers |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **win** | past | the knight |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many standers-by cheered at the race.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stander:x2:1
# text = Many standers-by cheered at the race.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	standers	stander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	cheered	cheer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cheer** | participle |  | Many standers *not said here* |  | the race |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The standers-by did nothing to help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stander:x3:1
# text = The standers-by did nothing to help.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	standers	stander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	5	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | the standers | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | the standers *not said here* | nothing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A crowd of standers-by watched the fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stander:x4:1
# text = A crowd of standers-by watched the fire.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	crowd	crowd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	standers	stander	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	watched	watch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | participle · passive |  | a crowd of standers |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP.attribute»: subject=Theme fire=Attribute |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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