---
title: standstill — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «standstill» in the school dictionary: A standstill is a complete stop, when nothing is moving. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# standstill

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**Who acts:** standstill, nothing, traffic, horse, Work, game · **What happens:** be, move, come, mean, stop, make · **To what, where:** complete stop, standstill, progress · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«standstill» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [standstill in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/standstill.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A standstill is a complete stop, when nothing is moving.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:standstill:m1:1
# text = A standstill is a complete stop, when nothing is moving.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	standstill	standstill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	complete	complete	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	stop	stop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
9	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a standstill | a complete stop |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **move** | present · progressive | nothing |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Come to a standstill» means stop moving or stop making progress.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:standstill:m2:1
# text = «Come to a standstill» means stop moving or stop making progress.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Come	come	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	standstill	standstill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	ccomp	_	_
9	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
12	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	xcomp	_	_
13	progress	progress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  | a standstill |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to standstill=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stop** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **stop** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 6 | **make** | gerund |  | progress |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset progress=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The traffic came to a standstill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:standstill:x1:1
# text = The traffic came to a standstill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	standstill	standstill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the traffic |  |  | a standstill |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to standstill=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horse came to a standstill by the graveyard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:standstill:x2:1
# text = The horse came to a standstill by the graveyard.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	standstill	standstill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	graveyard	graveyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the horse |  |  | a standstill |  | by the graveyard | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to standstill=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Work was at a standstill during the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:standstill:x3:1
# text = Work was at a standstill during the storm.
1	Work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	standstill	standstill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	during	during	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Work |  |  | a standstill | during the storm |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The game came to a standstill when the ball got stuck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:standstill:x4:1
# text = The game came to a standstill when the ball got stuck.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	standstill	standstill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
11	stuck	stuck	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the game |  |  | a standstill |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to standstill=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **get** | past | the ball |  |  |  |  | stuck *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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