---
title: stanza — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stanza» in the school dictionary: A stanza is a group of lines in a poem, set apart from the other groups by a space, like a paragraph in a story; it is often called a verse. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stanza

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** stanza, poem, four lines, you, poet, second stanza · **What happens:** be, set apart, call, have, rhyme, read · **To what, where:** group, other groups, stanza, four stanzas, four lines, first stanza · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«stanza» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stanza in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stanza.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stanza is a group of lines in a poem, set apart from the other groups by a space, like a paragraph in a story; it is often called a verse.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stanza:m1:1
# text = A stanza is a group of lines in a poem, set apart from the other groups by a space, like a paragraph in a story; it is often called a verse.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stanza	stanza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	set	set	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
13	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	groups	group	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	like	like	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	paragraph	paragraph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
31	often	often	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	verse	verse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stanza | a group |  |  |  | of lines in a poem | tree rules |
| 2 | **set apart** | infinitive |  |  |  | the other groups |  | by a space like a paragraph in a story; apart *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by space=Destination |
| 3 | **call** | present · passive |  | stanza |  |  |  | often *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This poem has four stanzas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stanza:x1:1
# text = This poem has four stanzas.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	stanzas	stanza	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | this poem | four stanzas |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stanza=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each stanza has four lines that rhyme.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stanza:x2:1
# text = Each stanza has four lines that rhyme.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	stanza	stanza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rhyme	rhyme	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | each stanza | four lines |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Patient |
| 2 | **rhyme** | present | four lines |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Read the first stanza aloud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stanza:x3:1
# text = Read the first stanza aloud.
1	Read	read	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	stanza	stanza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | imperative | you *not said here* | the first stanza |  |  |  | aloud *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stanza=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the last stanza, the poet feels hopeful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stanza:x4:1
# text = In the last stanza, the poet feels hopeful.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	stanza	stanza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	poet	poet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	feels	feel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	hopeful	hopeful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present | the poet |  |  |  |  | in the last stanza; hopeful *property* | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Theme in stanza=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write a stanza about your favourite season.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stanza:x5:1
# text = Write a stanza about your favourite season.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	stanza	stanza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	favourite	favourite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | a stanza |  |  | season |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stanza=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stanza is like a paragraph in a poem.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stanza:x6:1
# text = A stanza is like a paragraph in a poem.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stanza	stanza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	paragraph	paragraph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a stanza |  |  | a poem |  | like a paragraph | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The second stanza describes the sea at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stanza:x7:1
# text = The second stanza describes the sea at night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
3	stanza	stanza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | the second stanza | the sea |  |  | night |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent sea=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And if one stanza sounded painfully--

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stanza:x8:1
# text = And if one stanza sounded painfully--
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	stanza	stanza	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sounded	sound	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	painfully	painfully	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	--	--	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | past | one stanza |  |  |  |  | painfully *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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