---
title: stark — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stark» in the school dictionary: Stark means bare, plain and harsh, with nothing added. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stark

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Stark, room, girl, giant, winter landscape · **What happens:** mean, add, stark, be, stare, look · **To what, where:** adverb meaning, cold river · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«stark» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stark in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stark.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stark means bare, plain and harsh, with nothing added.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stark:m1:1
# text = Stark means bare, plain and harsh, with nothing added.
1	Stark	Stark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	bare	bare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	plain	plain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	harsh	harsh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	parataxis	_	_
11	added	add	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Stark |  |  |  |  | bare *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Stark naked» or «stark mad» means completely naked or completely mad.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stark:m2:1
# text = «Stark naked» or «stark mad» means completely naked or completely mad.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Stark	stark	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	nsubj	_	_
3	naked	naked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	stark	stark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	mad	mad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	naked	naked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	completely	completely	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	mad	mad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stark** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | naked *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | naked *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Stark» can also be an adverb meaning totally: stark staring mad.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stark:m3:1
# text = «Stark» can also be an adverb meaning totally: stark staring mad.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Stark	Stark	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	adverb	adverb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	totally	totally	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	stark	stark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	staring	stare	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	acl	_	_
14	mad	mad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | can | Stark | a adverb meaning and stark |  |  |  | totally *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **stare** | gerund | stark *not said here* |  |  |  |  | mad *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The room was stark and empty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stark:x1:1
# text = The room was stark and empty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	stark	stark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the room |  |  |  |  | stark *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the room *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The girl was stark naked in the cold river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stark:x2:1
# text = The girl was stark naked in the cold river.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	girl	girl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	stark	stark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	naked	naked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the girl |  |  | the cold river |  | naked *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The giant was stark mad with anger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stark:x3:1
# text = The giant was stark mad with anger.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	giant	giant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	stark	stark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	mad	mad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	anger	anger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the giant |  |  |  |  | with anger; mad *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The winter landscape looked stark and grey.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stark:x4:1
# text = The winter landscape looked stark and grey.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	landscape	landscape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	stark	stark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the winter landscape |  |  |  |  | stark *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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