---
title: stave — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stave» in the school dictionary: A stave is the set of five lines on which music notes are written (US: staff). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stave

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** stave, curved wooden strips, We, you, note, cooper · **What happens:** be, write, curve, make, stave off, mean · **To what, where:** set, music notes, five lines, one, sides, strong stick · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«stave» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stave in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stave.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: music, UK — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stave is the set of five lines on which music notes are written (US: staff).

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stave:m1:1
# text = A stave is the set of five lines on which music notes are written (US: staff).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stave	stave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	lines	line	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obl	_	_
11	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl:relcl	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
18	staff	staff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stave | the set |  |  |  | of five lines | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | present · passive |  | music notes |  | five lines |  | US *obl* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on which=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stave is one of the curved wooden strips that make the sides of a barrel or a wooden bucket.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stave:m2:1
# text = A stave is one of the curved wooden strips that make the sides of a barrel or a wooden bucket.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stave	stave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	curved	curve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
8	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	strips	strip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	barrel	barrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	bucket	bucket	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stave | one |  |  |  | of the curved wooden strips | tree rules |
| 2 | **curve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material |
| 3 | **make** | present | the curved wooden strips | the sides of a barrel or a wooden bucket |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset side=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stave is also a strong stick or pole.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stave:m3:1
# text = A stave is also a strong stick or pole.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stave	stave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	stick	stick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	pole	pole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stave | a strong stick or pole |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stave off something means to stop it happening for a while.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stave:m4:1
# text = To stave off something means to stop it happening for a while.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stave	stave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	happening	happen	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stave off** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stop** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **happen** | gerund |  |  |  |  | while |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"We ate apples to stave off hunger."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stave:m4e:1
# text = "We ate apples to stave off hunger."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	apples	apple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stave	stave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	off	off	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	hunger	hunger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** *in a quote* | past | We | apples |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent apple=Patient |
| 2 | **stave off** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | hunger |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stave in means to break a hole in something by hitting it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stave:m5:1
# text = To stave in means to break a hole in something by hitting it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stave	stave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	2	obl	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	_
11	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	hitting	hit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stave in** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **break** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | a hole |  | something |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hole=Patient |
| 4 | **hit** | gerund |  | hole |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw a treble clef at the start of the stave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stave:x1:1
# text = Draw a treble clef at the start of the stave.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	treble	treble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	clef	clef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stave	stave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | a treble clef |  | the start of the stave |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clef=Theme |
| 2 | **start** |  |  | the stave |  |  |  |  | nom start «event transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The note sits on the second line of the stave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stave:x2:1
# text = The note sits on the second line of the stave.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	note	note	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sits	sit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	7	amod	_	_
7	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stave	stave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | present | the note |  |  | the second line of the stave |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on line=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cooper bent the wooden staves to make a barrel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stave:x3:1
# text = The cooper bent the wooden staves to make a barrel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cooper	cooper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	bent	bend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	staves	stave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	barrel	barrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bend** | past | the cooper | the wooden staves |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent stave=Material |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | the cooper *not said here* | a barrel |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset barrel=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We ate a snack to stave off hunger before the match.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stave:x4:1
# text = We ate a snack to stave off hunger before the match.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	snack	snack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stave	stave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	off	off	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	hunger	hunger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	before	before	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	match	match	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | We | a snack |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snack=Patient |
| 2 | **stave off** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* | hunger |  |  | before the match |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The team staved off defeat with a late goal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stave:x5:1
# text = The team staved off defeat with a late goal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	staved	stave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
4	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	defeat	defeat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	late	late	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	goal	goal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stave off** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The waves staved in the side of the boat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stave:x6:1
# text = The waves staved in the side of the boat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	staved	stave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stave** | participle |  | the waves *not said here* |  | the side of the boat |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old shepherd leaned on his stave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stave:x7:1
# text = The old shepherd leaned on his stave.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	leaned	lean	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	stave	stave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lean** | participle |  | the old shepherd *not said here* |  | shepherd's stave |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on stave=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then they beat their staves against the ground one against the other, as if there had been a hundred sheep between them.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stave:x8:1
# text = Then they beat their staves against the ground one against the other, as if there had been a hundred sheep between them.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	beat	beat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	staves	stave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	flat	_	_
10	against	against	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
15	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	18	mark	_	_
16	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	18	expl	_	_
17	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	21	cop	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
21	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
22	between	between	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **beat** | present | they | their staves |  |  | then | against the ground | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent stave=Instrument against ground=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | as hundred sheep; between sheep | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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