---
title: steel — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «steel» in the school dictionary: A very strong, hard metal made mostly from iron mixed with a little carbon, used for bridges, cars, tools, pans and cutlery. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# steel

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** kitchen sink, magnet, She, band · **What happens:** make, mix, use, mean, be, stick · **To what, where:** strong hard metal, iron, little carbon, yourself, bridge, stainless steel

<!-- .vabout -->
«steel» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [steel in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/steel.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A very strong, hard metal made mostly from iron mixed with a little carbon, used for bridges, cars, tools, pans and cutlery.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:steel:m1:1
# text = A very strong, hard metal made mostly from iron mixed with a little carbon, used for bridges, cars, tools, pans and cutlery.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	very	very	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	mixed	mix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	acl	_	_
18	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	bridges	bridge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	tools	tool	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
25	pans	pan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	conj	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	cutlery	cutlery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a strong hard metal *not said here* |  | iron |  | mostly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from iron=Material |
| 2 | **mix** | participle |  | iron *not said here* |  |  |  | with a little carbon | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient with carbon=Co-Patient |
| 3 | **use** | participle |  | a little carbon *not said here* |  |  |  | for bridges and cars and tools and pans and cutlery | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As a verb, to steel yourself means to make yourself brave and ready for something hard or scary.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:steel:m2:1
# text = As a verb, to steel yourself means to make yourself brave and ready for something hard or scary.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	nmod	_	_
8	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	obj	_	_
12	brave	brave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	_
15	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	12	obl	_	_
17	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	scary	scary	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | as a verb  yourself and steel | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | yourself |  |  |  | brave *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset yourself=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bridge is made of steel and concrete.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:steel:x1:1
# text = The bridge is made of steel and concrete.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	concrete	concrete	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | the bridge |  |  |  | of steel and concrete | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our kitchen sink is stainless steel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:steel:x2:1
# text = Our kitchen sink is stainless steel.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sink	sink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	stainless	stainless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Our kitchen sink | stainless steel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A magnet sticks to the steel door of the fridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:steel:x3:1
# text = A magnet sticks to the steel door of the fridge.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	magnet	magnet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sticks	stick	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	fridge	fridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stick** | present | a magnet |  |  |  |  | to the steel door of the fridge | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to door=Co-Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Steel is made mostly from iron.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:steel:x4:1
# text = Steel is made mostly from iron.
1	Steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Steel |  | iron |  | mostly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from iron=Material |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old steel gate was covered in rust.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:steel:x5:1
# text = The old steel gate was covered in rust.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	rust	rust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past · passive |  | the old steel gate |  |  |  | in rust | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in rust=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She steeled herself before jumping into the cold pool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:steel:x6:1
# text = She steeled herself before jumping into the cold pool.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	steeled	steel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	herself	herself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	jumping	jump	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **steel** | past | She | herself *= she* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **jump** | gerund | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into the cold pool *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into pool=Result |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The band played music on steel drums.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:steel:x7:1
# text = The band played music on steel drums.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	music	music	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	drums	drum	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | the band | music |  | steel drums |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent music=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Knives and forks are often made of steel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:steel:x8:1
# text = Knives and forks are often made of steel.
1	Knives	knife	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	forks	fork	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Knives and forks |  |  |  | of steel; often *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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