---
title: stele — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stele» in the school dictionary: An upright stone slab or pillar with writing or carvings on it, put up as a monument, gravestone or to record laws or events. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stele

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** upright stone slab, stem, Rosetta Stone, Maya, stele, We · **What happens:** put up, record, carry, carve, break, be · **To what, where:** laws, water, tall black stele, broken piece, stelae, kings

<!-- .vabout -->
«stele» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stele in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stele.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An upright stone slab or pillar with writing or carvings on it, put up as a monument, gravestone or to record laws or events.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stele:m1:1
# text = An upright stone slab or pillar with writing or carvings on it, put up as a monument, gravestone or to record laws or events.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	upright	upright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	slab	slab	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	pillar	pillar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	carvings	carving	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
15	up	up	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	monument	monument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	gravestone	gravestone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	to	to	PART	TO	_	23	mark	_	_
23	record	record	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
24	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	obj	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put up** | infinitive | a upright stone slab with writing or carvings on pillar or pillar |  |  |  |  | as a monument and gravestone | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **record** | to-infinitive | a upright stone slab with writing or carvings on pillar or pillar *not said here* | laws or events |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science, botany — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The central core of a plant's root or stem, which carries water and food.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stele:m2:1
# text = The central core of a plant's root or stem, which carries water and food.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	central	central	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	core	core	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	stem	stem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | stem | water and food |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hammurabi's laws were carved on a tall black stele.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stele:x1:1
# text = Hammurabi's laws were carved on a tall black stele.
1	Hammurabi	Hammurabi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	carved	carve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	stele	stele	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carve** | past · passive |  | Hammurabi's laws |  | a tall black stele |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme on stele=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Rosetta Stone is a broken piece of a stele.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stele:x2:1
# text = The Rosetta Stone is a broken piece of a stele.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Rosetta	Rosetta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Stone	Stone	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	stele	stele	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the Rosetta Stone | a broken piece |  |  |  | of a stele | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Maya put up stelae to honour their kings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stele:x3:1
# text = The Maya put up stelae to honour their kings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Maya	Maya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	stelae	stelae	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	honour	honour	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put up** | past | the Maya | stelae |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent stelae=Goal |
| 2 | **honour** | to-infinitive | the Maya *not said here* | stelae's kings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stele marks the grave of an ancient soldier.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stele:x4:1
# text = The stele marks the grave of an ancient soldier.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stele	stele	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	marks	mark	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mark** | present | the stele | the grave of a ancient soldier |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent grave=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw a carved stele in the British Museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stele:x5:1
# text = We saw a carved stele in the British Museum.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	carved	carve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	stele	stele	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	British	British	PROPN	NNP	_	9	compound	_	_
9	Museum	Museum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a carved stele |  | the British Museum |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer stele=Stimulus |
| 2 | **carve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The archaeologists cleaned the stele to read the old writing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stele:x6:1
# text = The archaeologists cleaned the stele to read the old writing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	archaeologists	archaeologist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cleaned	clean	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stele	stele	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clean** | past | the archaeologists | the stele |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent stele=Patient |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive | the archaeologists *not said here* | the old writing |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent writing=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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