---
title: stile — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stile» in the school dictionary: A stile is a set of steps or a step over a fence or wall that lets people climb over but stops animals like sheep and cows getting through. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stile

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** stile, fence, people, cows, It, We · **What happens:** be, let, climb over, stop, get through, climb · **To what, where:** set, animals, country footpaths, stile, wooden stile, Grandpa

<!-- .vabout -->
«stile» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stile in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stile.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stile is a set of steps or a step over a fence or wall that lets people climb over but stops animals like sheep and cows getting through.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stile:m1:1
# text = A stile is a set of steps or a step over a fence or wall that lets people climb over but stops animals like sheep and cows getting through.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stile	stile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	steps	step	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	over	over	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	acl:relcl	_	_
18	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	climb	climb	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	over	over	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
23	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
24	like	like	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	conj	_	_
28	getting	get	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	27	acl	_	_
29	through	through	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a stile | a set |  |  |  | of steps or a step over a fence or wall | tree rules |
| 2 | **let** | present | a fence or wall |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **climb over** | infinitive | people |  |  |  |  | over *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **stop** | present | a fence or wall *not said here* | animals |  |  |  | like sheep and cows | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality animal=Eventuality |
| 5 | **get through** | gerund | cows *not said here* |  |  |  |  | through *property* | vn cope-83-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is common on country footpaths, especially in the UK and Ireland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stile:m2:1
# text = It is common on country footpaths, especially in the UK and Ireland.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	footpaths	footpath	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  | country footpaths |  | common *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We climbed over the stile into the field.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stile:x1:1
# text = We climbed over the stile into the field.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	climbed	climb	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stile	stile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **climb** | past | We |  |  | the stile |  | into the field | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme over stile=Initial\_Location into field=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The footpath goes over a wooden stile.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stile:x2:1
# text = The footpath goes over a wooden stile.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	footpath	footpath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	goes	go	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	wooden	wooden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	stile	stile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | the footpath |  |  | a wooden stile |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme over stile=Initial\_Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Help Grandpa over the stile.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stile:x3:1
# text = Help Grandpa over the stile.
1	Help	help	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	Grandpa	Grandpa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stile	stile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | imperative | you *not said here* |  | Grandpa | the stile |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grandpa=Beneficiary |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog squeezed under the stile.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stile:x4:1
# text = The dog squeezed under the stile.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	squeezed	squeeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stile	stile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **squeeze** | participle |  | the dog *not said here* |  | the stile |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stile lets walkers cross but keeps the sheep in.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stile:x5:1
# text = A stile lets walkers cross but keeps the sheep in.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stile	stile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lets	let	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	walkers	walker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sheep	sheep	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | present | a stile | walkers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **cross** | infinitive | walkers *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **keep in** | present | a stile *not said here* | the sheep |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«He found a crooked sixpence against a crooked stile.»

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stile:x6:1
# text = «He found a crooked sixpence against a crooked stile.»
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	crooked	crooked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	sixpence	sixpence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	against	against	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	crooked	crooked	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	stile	stile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** *in a quote* | past | He | a crooked sixpence |  |  |  | against a crooked stile | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sixpence=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Be careful: the stile is slippery when wet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stile:x7:1
# text = Be careful: the stile is slippery when wet.
1	Be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	cop	_	_
2	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stile	stile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	slippery	slippery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
9	wet	wet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | the stile |  |  |  |  | slippery *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | the stile *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She put down the candles whilst she got over the stile.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stile:x8:1
# text = She put down the candles whilst she got over the stile.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	down	down	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	candles	candle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
9	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	stile	stile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put down** | past | She | the candles |  |  |  |  | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent candle=Goal |
| 2 | **get** | past | she |  |  | the stile |  |  | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme over stile=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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