---
title: sting — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «sting» in the school dictionary: Of a bee, wasp, jellyfish or nettle: to hurt you by pushing a tiny sharp part or poison into your skin. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# sting

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** soap, insect, sharp part, bee, wasp sting, Shampoo · **What happens:** hurt, push, make, feel, cause, sting · **To what, where:** you, tiny sharp part, skin, pain, sharp burning pain, eyes · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«sting» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [sting in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/sting.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a bee, wasp, jellyfish or nettle: to hurt you by pushing a tiny sharp part or poison into your skin.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sting:m1:1
# text = Of a bee, wasp, jellyfish or nettle: to hurt you by pushing a tiny sharp part or poison into your skin.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	wasp	wasp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	jellyfish	jellyfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	nettle	nettle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	pushing	push	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	12	advcl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	poison	poison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
22	into	into	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | to-infinitive |  | you |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Patient |
| 2 | **push** | gerund |  | a tiny sharp part or poison |  | your skin |  |  | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent part=Theme into skin=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A noun: the wound or pain made by this.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sting:m2:1
# text = A noun: the wound or pain made by this.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wound	wound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | pain *not said here* |  |  |  | by this | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To feel or cause a sharp burning pain: soap stings your eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sting:m3:1
# text = To feel or cause a sharp burning pain: soap stings your eyes.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	feel	feel	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	cause	cause	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	burning	burning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	soap	soap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	stings	sting	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **cause** | infinitive |  | a sharp burning pain |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pain=Patient |
| 3 | **sting** | present | soap | your eyes |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus eye=Experiencer |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A noun: the sharp part of an insect that stings (also called a stinger).

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sting:m4:1
# text = A noun: the sharp part of an insect that stings (also called a stinger).
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	stings	sting	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	also	also	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	stinger	stinger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | present | a insect |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **call** | participle | the sharp part of a insect *not said here* | a stinger |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of words: to hurt someone's feelings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sting:m5:1
# text = Of words: to hurt someone's feelings.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	appos	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	's	's	PART	POS	_	6	case	_	_
8	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | to-infinitive |  | someone's feelings |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer feeling=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bee stung me on the finger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sting:x1:1
# text = A bee stung me on the finger.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stung	sting	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | past | a bee | me |  |  |  | on the finger | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent i=Experiencer on finger=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wasp sting made my arm red and swollen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sting:x2:1
# text = The wasp sting made my arm red and swollen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wasp	wasp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sting	sting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	swollen	swollen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle | the wasp sting *not said here* | my arm |  |  |  | red *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset arm=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shampoo stings if it gets in your eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sting:x3:1
# text = Shampoo stings if it gets in your eyes.
1	Shampoo	shampoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stings	sting	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | present | Shampoo |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **get** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | Shampoo |  |  | your eyes |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stinging nettles grow by the path, so wear long trousers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sting:x4:1
# text = Stinging nettles grow by the path, so wear long trousers.
1	Stinging	stinging	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	nettles	nettle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	wear	wear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
10	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	trousers	trousers	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Stinging nettles |  |  |  |  | by the path | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by path=Location |
| 2 | **wear** | infinitive | Stinging nettles *not said here* | long trousers |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent trousers=Source |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jellyfish can sting you at the beach in Australia.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sting:x5:1
# text = Jellyfish can sting you at the beach in Australia.
1	Jellyfish	jellyfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	sting	sting	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | can | Jellyfish | you |  | the beach in Australia |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus you=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some people are allergic to bee stings and need a doctor quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sting:x6:1
# text = Some people are allergic to bee stings and need a doctor quickly.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	allergic	allergic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	stings	sting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | some people |  |  |  |  | to bee stings; allergic *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **need** | present | some people *not said here* | a doctor |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot doctor=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A honeybee dies after it stings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sting:x7:1
# text = A honeybee dies after it stings.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	honeybee	honeybee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	dies	die	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	stings	sting	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | present | a honeybee |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **sting** | present | honeybee |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her mean words stung more than the fall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sting:x8:1
# text = Her mean words stung more than the fall.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	mean	mean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stung	sting	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	obj	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | past | Her mean words | more |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus more=Experiencer |
| 2 | **word** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Wasps said that they would keep guard and drive off thieves with their stings.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:sting:x9:1
# text = The Wasps said that they would keep guard and drive off thieves with their stings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Wasps	Wasp	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
8	guard	guard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	drive	drive	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	off	off	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	thieves	thief	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	stings	sting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the Wasps |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **keep** | would | Wasps *= wasp* | guard |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent guard=Theme |
| 3 | **drive off** | present | the Wasps *not said here* | thieves |  |  |  | with Wasps's stings | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme thief=Trajectory |
| 4 | **sting** |  | Wasps *= wasp* |  |  |  |  |  | nom sting «state transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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