---
title: stinging — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stinging» in the school dictionary: A stinging insect or plant can hurt you with a sting, like a bee, wasp or stinging nettle. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stinging

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** stinging insect, Stinging, Stinging words, you, Bees, tentacles · **What happens:** sting, hurt, be, burn, watch out, feel · **To what, where:** you, nettle, pain, nettles, stinging insects, stinging pain

<!-- .vabout -->
«stinging» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stinging in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stinging.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A stinging insect or plant can hurt you with a sting, like a bee, wasp or stinging nettle.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stinging:m1:1
# text = A stinging insect or plant can hurt you with a sting, like a bee, wasp or stinging nettle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stinging	sting	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	amod	_	_
3	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	hurt	hurt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	sting	sting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	bee	bee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	wasp	wasp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	stinging	sting	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	conj	_	_
20	nettle	nettle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **hurt** | can | a stinging insect or plant | you |  |  |  | with a sting; like a bee | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer you=Patient |
| 3 | **sting** | gerund | a stinging insect or plant *not said here* | nettle |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus nettle=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stinging pain is a sharp, burning pain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stinging:m2:1
# text = Stinging pain is a sharp, burning pain.
1	Stinging	sting	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	advcl	_	_
8	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | gerund |  | pain |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus pain=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | Stinging |  |  |  |  | sharp *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **burn** | gerund | Stinging *not said here* | pain |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent pain=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Stinging words are very hurtful.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stinging:m3:1
# text = Stinging words are very hurtful.
1	Stinging	sting	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	amod	_	_
2	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	hurtful	hurtful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | present | Stinging words |  |  |  |  | hurtful *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Watch out for stinging nettles on the path.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stinging:x1:1
# text = Watch out for stinging nettles on the path.
1	Watch	watch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	stinging	sting	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
5	nettles	nettle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch out** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **sting** | gerund | you *not said here* | nettles |  |  |  | on the path | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.theme PP.instrument»: agent=Agent nettle=Experiencer on path=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bees and wasps are stinging insects.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stinging:x2:1
# text = Bees and wasps are stinging insects.
1	Bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	wasps	wasp	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	stinging	sting	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	amod	_	_
6	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Bees and wasps | stinging insects |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jellyfish's tentacles are stinging.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stinging:x3:1
# text = The jellyfish's tentacles are stinging.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	jellyfish	jellyfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	tentacles	tentacle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	stinging	sting	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sting** | present · progressive | the jellyfish's tentacles |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I felt a stinging pain in my finger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stinging:x4:1
# text = I felt a stinging pain in my finger.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	stinging	sting	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	amod	_	_
5	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	finger	finger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | past | I | a stinging pain |  | my finger |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent pain=Theme in finger=Location |
| 2 | **sting** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soap made my eyes sting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stinging:x5:1
# text = The soap made my eyes sting.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soap	soap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	sting	sting	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the soap |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sting** | present | my eyes |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stinging wind made our faces red.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stinging:x6:1
# text = The stinging wind made our faces red.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stinging	stinging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	faces	face	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the stinging wind | our faces |  |  |  | red *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset face=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do you see the stinging nettle which I hold in my hand?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stinging:x7:1
# text = Do you see the stinging nettle which I hold in my hand?
1	Do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	stinging	sting	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	amod	_	_
6	nettle	nettle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	hold	hold	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | present · do-support | you | the stinging nettle |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nettle=Stimulus |
| 2 | **sting** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **hold** | present | the stinging nettle |  |  | my hand |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hand=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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