---
title: stingy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «stingy» in the school dictionary: Not willing to spend or share money, food or things; mean with money. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# stingy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, stingy shopkeeper, café, Uncle, She, Scrooge · **What happens:** spend, share, mean, do, not be, give · **To what, where:** money, sweets, discount, nobody, stingy little slice, us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«stingy» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [stingy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/stingy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not willing to spend or share money, food or things; mean with money.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stingy:m1:1
# text = Not willing to spend or share money, food or things; mean with money.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	willing	willing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	spend	spend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	share	share	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
7	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	parataxis	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **share** | infinitive |  | money and food or things |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **mean** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with money | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Small in amount: a stingy portion.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stingy:m2:1
# text = Small in amount: a stingy portion.
1	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	stingy	stingy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	portion	portion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't be stingy — share your sweets!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stingy:x1:1
# text = Don't be stingy — share your sweets!
1	Do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	stingy	stingy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	obj	_	_
5	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	share	share	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | stingy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **share** | infinitive |  | your sweets |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stingy shopkeeper gave nobody a discount.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stingy:x2:1
# text = The stingy shopkeeper gave nobody a discount.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	stingy	stingy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	shopkeeper	shopkeeper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	4	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	discount	discount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the stingy shopkeeper | a discount | nobody |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent nobody=Recipient discount=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The café gave us a stingy little slice of cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stingy:x3:1
# text = The café gave us a stingy little slice of cake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	café	café	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	stingy	stingy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	slice	slice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the café | a stingy little slice of cake | us |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient slice=Theme |
| 2 | **slice** |  |  | cake |  |  |  |  | nom slice «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Uncle Bob is so stingy he reuses tea bags.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stingy:x4:1
# text = Uncle Bob is so stingy he reuses tea bags.
1	Uncle	Uncle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	Bob	Bob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	stingy	stingy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	reuses	reuse	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	tea	tea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	bags	bag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Uncle |  |  |  |  | stingy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **reuse** | present | Uncle | tea bags |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bag=Asset |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She's stingy with praise but very fair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stingy:x5:1
# text = She's stingy with praise but very fair.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	stingy	stingy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	praise	praise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | She |  |  |  |  | with praise; stingy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scrooge was the stingiest man in town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stingy:x6:1
# text = Scrooge was the stingiest man in town.
1	Scrooge	scrooge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	stingiest	stingy	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Scrooge | the stingiest man |  | town |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Once upon a time there lived a man called Simon, who was very rich, but at the same time as stingy and miserly as he could be.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:stingy:x7:1
# text = Once upon a time there lived a man called Simon, who was very rich, but at the same time as stingy and miserly as he could be.
1	Once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	6	advmod	_	_
2	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
5	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
6	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	Simon	Simon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	very	very	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
18	at	at	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
22	as	as	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	stingy	stingy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	nmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	miserly	miserly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	conj	_	_
26	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
28	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
29	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past |  | a man |  | there | time | once *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme man=Location |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | a man *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | past | Simon |  |  |  |  | rich *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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